Stanger Nicholas, Kavussanu Maria, McIntyre David, Ring Christopher
Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, U.K.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016 Feb;38(1):4-14. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2014-0332.
Although the empathy-aggression relationship has been well documented, research has yet to establish whether emotions mediate and gender moderates this relationship in athletes, under conditions of low and high provocation. In this experiment, we assigned team-sport athletes to either a high (n = 40) or a low (n = 40) empathy group, and asked them to compete in a reaction-time task against a (fictitious) opponent, under conditions of low and high provocation. Empathy reduced aggression (i.e., intensity of electrical shock administered to the opponent) at low provocation in men, and at both low and high provocation in women. Guilt mediated the effect of empathy on aggression at low provocation in men; anger did not mediate any effects of empathy on aggression. Our findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of empathy on aggression and the mediating role of guilt are moderated by provocation and gender.
尽管共情与攻击行为之间的关系已有充分记录，但在运动员中，在低挑衅和高挑衅条件下，情绪是否介导以及性别是否调节这种关系的研究尚未确立。在本实验中，我们将团队运动运动员分为高共情组（n = 40）和低共情组（n = 40），并要求他们在低挑衅和高挑衅条件下，与（虚构的）对手进行反应时任务竞赛。在低挑衅情况下，共情减少了男性的攻击行为（即对对手施加电击的强度），在低挑衅和高挑衅情况下，共情都减少了女性的攻击行为。在低挑衅情况下，内疚介导了共情对男性攻击行为的影响；愤怒并未介导共情对攻击行为的任何影响。我们的研究结果表明，共情对攻击行为的抑制作用以及内疚的中介作用受到挑衅和性别的调节。
