Knibb Rebecca C, Barnes Christopher, Stalker Carol
Department of Psychology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Psychology, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016 Aug;27(5):459-64. doi: 10.1111/pai.12569. Epub 2016 May 3.
Food allergy has been shown to have a significant impact on quality of life (QoL) and can be difficult to manage in order to avoid potentially life-threatening reactions. Parental self-efficacy (confidence) in managing food allergy for their child might explain variations in QoL. This study aimed to examine whether self-efficacy in parents of food allergic children was a good predictor of QoL of the family.
Parents of children with clinically diagnosed food allergy completed the Food Allergy Self-Efficacy Scale for Parents (FASE-P), the Food Allergy Quality of Life Parental Burden Scale (FAQL-PB), the GHQ-12 (to measure mental health) and the Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM), which measures perceived likelihood of a severe allergic reaction.
A total of 434 parents took part. Greater parental QoL was significantly related to greater self-efficacy for food allergy management, better mental health, lower perceived likelihood of a severe reaction, older age in parent and child and fewer number of allergies (all p < 0.05). Food allergy self-efficacy explained more of the variance in QoL than any other variable and self-efficacy related to management of social activities and precaution and prevention of an allergic reaction appeared to be the most important aspects.
Parental self-efficacy in management of a child's food allergy is important and is associated with better parental QoL. It would be useful to measure self-efficacy at visits to allergy clinic in order to focus support; interventions to improve self-efficacy in parents of food allergic children should be explored.
食物过敏已被证明对生活质量（QoL）有重大影响，并且为避免潜在的危及生命的反应而进行管理可能很困难。父母在管理孩子食物过敏方面的自我效能感（信心）可能解释了生活质量的差异。本研究旨在探讨食物过敏儿童的父母的自我效能感是否是家庭生活质量的良好预测指标。
临床诊断为食物过敏的儿童的父母完成了《父母食物过敏自我效能量表》（FASE-P）、《食物过敏生活质量父母负担量表》（FAQL-PB）、《一般健康问卷-12》（用于测量心理健康）和《食物过敏独立测量量表》（FAIM），该量表测量严重过敏反应的感知可能性。
共有434名父母参与。父母更高的生活质量与更好的食物过敏管理自我效能感、更好的心理健康、更低的严重反应感知可能性、父母和孩子的年龄较大以及过敏数量较少显著相关（所有p<0.05）。食物过敏自我效能感比任何其他变量都能解释更多生活质量的差异，与社交活动管理以及过敏反应预防相关的自我效能感似乎是最重要的方面。
父母在管理孩子食物过敏方面的自我效能感很重要，并且与更好的父母生活质量相关。在过敏诊所就诊时测量自我效能感以便集中提供支持将是有用的；应该探索提高食物过敏儿童父母自我效能感的干预措施。
