University of Toronto, 39 Queen Quay East, Unit: 1303, Toronto, ON, M5E 0A5, Canada.
Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016 Jun;17(3):277-92. doi: 10.1007/s40257-016-0186-4.
Radiodermatitis (radiation dermatitis, radiation-induced skin reactions, or radiation injury) is a significant side effect of ionizing radiation delivered to the skin during cancer treatment as well as a result of nuclear attacks and disasters, such as that which occurred in Fukushima in 2011. More specifically, 95 % of cancer patients receiving radiation therapy will develop some form of radiodermatitis, including erythema, dry desquamation, and moist desquamation. These radiation skin reactions result in a myriad of complications, including delays in treatment, diminished aesthetic appeal, and reduced quality of life. Recent technological advancements and novel treatment regimens have only been successful in partly ameliorating these adverse side effects. This article examines the current knowledge surrounding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnoses, prevention, and management of radiodermatitis. Future research should examine therapies that incorporate the current understanding of the pathophysiology of radiodermatitis while measuring effectiveness using objective and universal outcome measures.
放射性皮炎（radiodermatitis，辐射性皮炎，辐射诱导的皮肤反应，或辐射损伤）是癌症治疗过程中向皮肤提供电离辐射以及核攻击和灾难（如 2011 年福岛灾难）的一个重要副作用。更具体地说，95%接受放射治疗的癌症患者将出现某种形式的放射性皮炎，包括红斑、干性脱皮和湿性脱皮。这些辐射皮肤反应导致了许多并发症，包括治疗延迟、美观度下降和生活质量降低。最近的技术进步和新的治疗方案仅在部分缓解这些不良反应方面取得了成功。本文探讨了放射性皮炎的发病机制、临床表现、鉴别诊断、预防和管理方面的现有知识。未来的研究应该检查那些结合了对放射性皮炎病理生理学的当前理解的疗法，同时使用客观和通用的结果测量来衡量其效果。
