Department of Sustainability Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Mechelininkatu 34a, P.O. Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland.
Waste Manag. 2016 Jun;52:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.022. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
More efficient recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an essential precondition for turning Europe into a circular economy. Thus, the recycling of MSW must increase significantly in several member states, including Finland. This has increased the interest in the composition of mixed MSW. Due to increased information needs, a method for mixed MSW composition studies was introduced in Finland in order to improve the national comparability of composition study results. The aim of this study was to further develop the method so that it corresponds to the information needed about the composition of mixed MSW and still works in practice. A survey and two mixed MSW composition studies were carried out in the study. According to the responses of the survey, the intensification of recycling, the landfill ban on organic waste and the producer responsibility for packaging waste have particularly influenced the need for information about the composition of mixed MSW. The share of biowaste in mixed MSW interested the respondents most. Additionally, biowaste proved to be the largest waste fraction in mixed MSW in the composition studies. It constituted over 40% of mixed MSW in both composition studies. For these reasons, the classification system of the method was updated by further defining the classifications of biowaste. The classifications of paper as well as paperboard and cardboard were also updated. The updated classification system provides more information on the share of avoidable food waste and waste materials suitable for recycling in mixed MSW. The updated method and the information gained from the composition studies are important in ensuring that the method will be adopted by municipal waste management companies and thus used widely in Finland.
提高城市固体废物（MSW）的回收效率是欧洲向循环经济转型的必要前提。因此，包括芬兰在内的几个成员国的 MSW 回收必须大幅增加。这增加了对混合 MSW 成分的兴趣。由于信息需求增加，芬兰引入了一种用于混合 MSW 成分研究的方法，以提高成分研究结果的国家可比性。本研究的目的是进一步开发该方法，使其能够满足对混合 MSW 成分的信息需求，并且在实践中仍然有效。在这项研究中进行了一项调查和两项混合 MSW 成分研究。根据调查的回应，回收的强化、有机废物的填埋禁令和包装废物的生产者责任特别影响了对混合 MSW 成分信息的需求。混合 MSW 中的生物废物份额最受受访者关注。此外，在成分研究中，生物废物被证明是混合 MSW 中最大的废物部分。它在两项成分研究中都占混合 MSW 的 40%以上。出于这些原因，该方法的分类系统通过进一步定义生物废物的分类进行了更新。纸张以及纸浆和纸板的分类也进行了更新。更新后的分类系统提供了更多关于混合 MSW 中可避免的食物浪费和可回收废物材料份额的信息。更新后的方法和成分研究中获得的信息对于确保该方法被城市废物管理公司采用并在芬兰广泛使用非常重要。
