1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
2 University of Macau, Macau, China.
J Interpers Violence. 2018 Dec;33(24):3772-3791. doi: 10.1177/0886260516639582. Epub 2016 Mar 27.
Domestic violence (DV) and other experienced trauma types increase the risk for impaired functioning. Access to social resources may provide a buffer to existing risks and allow individuals to continue and build functioning. This cross-sectional study investigated the direct effects of DV and access to social resources (perceived social support, social integration, and frequency of social contact), as well as their potential interactive effects, on daily functioning among 894 male and female trauma survivors who attended primary care clinics in Kurdistan, Iraq in 2009 and 2010. Experiencing DV was not associated with functioning for males ( p=.15) or females ( p=.60), suggesting that in the context of a trauma-affected sample, the experience of DV may not significantly increase the risk for functional impairment. Greater amounts of social integration were associated with less functional impairment among males ( p<.01) and females ( p<.05); social integration was associated with less functional impairment among males only ( p<.01); and frequency of social contact was associated with less functional impairment among females only ( p<.05), indicating that the association between social resource type and functioning differed by gender. Social resources had a stronger effect on functioning among men compared to women. Among males who experienced DV, social integration was the only social resource associated with less functional impairment ( p<.01); among male trauma survivors who did not experience DV, social support was the only resource associated with less functional impairment ( p<.01). Further investigation into these associations is warranted to inform intervention strategies for survivors of DV and other traumas in post-conflict settings.
家庭暴力（DV）和其他经历过的创伤类型会增加功能受损的风险。获得社会资源可以缓冲现有风险，并使个人能够继续建立和维持功能。本横断面研究调查了 DV 和获得社会资源（感知社会支持、社会融合和社会接触频率）对 2009 年至 2010 年间在伊拉克库尔德斯坦接受初级保健诊所治疗的 894 名男性和女性创伤幸存者日常功能的直接影响，以及它们之间的潜在交互作用。经历 DV 与男性（p=.15）或女性（p=.60）的功能无关，这表明在受创伤影响的样本中，经历 DV 可能不会显著增加功能障碍的风险。更多的社会融合与男性（p<.01）和女性（p<.05）的功能障碍减少有关；社会融合仅与男性的功能障碍减少有关（p<.01）；社会接触频率仅与女性的功能障碍减少有关（p<.05），这表明社会资源类型与功能之间的关联因性别而异。社会资源对男性的功能影响大于女性。在经历 DV 的男性中，社会融合是唯一与功能障碍减少相关的社会资源（p<.01）；在没有经历 DV 的男性创伤幸存者中，社会支持是唯一与功能障碍减少相关的资源（p<.01）。需要进一步调查这些关联，以为冲突后环境中 DV 和其他创伤幸存者的干预策略提供信息。
