Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14120, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14120, United States.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2016 Jun;31:23-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.03.004. Epub 2016 Mar 26.
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) incorporates inorganic carbon into an organic form, making this chloroplastic enzyme one of the most essential factors for all life on earth. Despite its central role in photosynthesis, research into regulation of the chloroplast rbcL and nuclear RbcS genes that encode this enzyme has lagged behind other plant gene systems. A major characteristic of kranz-type C4 plants is the accumulation of Rubisco only within chloroplasts of internalized bundle sheath cells that surround the leaf vascular centers. In plants that utilize the less common single cell C4 system, Rubisco accumulates only within one type of dimorphic chloroplasts localized to a specific region of leaf chlorenchyma cells. Understanding regulatory processes that restrict Rubisco gene expression to only one cell type or chloroplast type is a major focus of C4 research. Regulatory steps may include transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes.
核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）将无机碳转化为有机形式，使这种叶绿体酶成为地球上所有生命的最重要因素之一。尽管它在光合作用中起着核心作用，但对编码该酶的叶绿体 rbcL 和核 RbcS 基因的调控研究落后于其他植物基因系统。Kranz 型 C4 植物的一个主要特征是仅在围绕叶片维管束中心的内化束鞘细胞的叶绿体中积累 Rubisco。在利用较少见的单细胞 C4 系统的植物中，Rubisco 仅在定位于叶片叶肉细胞特定区域的一种二态叶绿体中积累。了解将 Rubisco 基因表达限制在仅一种细胞类型或叶绿体类型的调控过程是 C4 研究的主要重点。调控步骤可能包括转录、转录后和翻译后过程。
