Anisimov N V, Kislichkina A A, Platonov M E, Evseeva V V, Kadnikova L A, Lipatnikova N A, Bogun A G, Dentovskaya S V, Anisimov A P
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2016 Jan-Mar(1):26-32.
The attempt to combine Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis into one species has been unsupported by microbiologists due to the specific features of the epidemiology and clinical presentations of their induced diseases and to basic differences in their virulence. Pseudotuberculosis is predominantly a relatively mild human intestinal infection transmitted through contaminated food and plague is an acute generalized disease with high mortality, which is most frequently transmitted by the bites of infected fleas. Y. pestis hypervirulence, the ability of single bacteria to ensure the development of predagonal bacteriemia in rodents, which is sufficient to contaminate the fleas, is one of the main events during pathogen adaptation to a new ecological niche. By analyzing the data of molecular typing of the representative kits of naturally occurring Y. pestis isolates, the authois consider the issues of formation of intraspecies groups with universal hypervirulence, as well as biovars that are highly virulent only to their major host. A strategy for searching for selective virulence factors, the potential molecular targets for vaccination and etiotropic treatment of plague, is discussed.
由于假结核耶尔森菌和鼠疫耶尔森菌所致疾病的流行病学特征和临床表现的特殊性以及它们毒力的根本差异，微生物学家一直不支持将这两种细菌合并为一个物种。假结核主要是一种相对温和的人类肠道感染，通过受污染食物传播，而鼠疫是一种急性全身性疾病，死亡率高，最常通过受感染跳蚤的叮咬传播。鼠疫耶尔森菌的高毒力，即单个细菌在啮齿动物中引发濒死前菌血症的能力，这种菌血症足以感染跳蚤，是病原体适应新生态位过程中的主要事件之一。通过分析自然发生的鼠疫耶尔森菌分离株代表性试剂盒的分子分型数据，作者们考虑了具有普遍高毒力的种内群体以及仅对其主要宿主具有高毒力的生物变种的形成问题。讨论了寻找选择性毒力因子的策略，这些因子是鼠疫疫苗接种和病因治疗的潜在分子靶点。
