Vihar Boštjan, Hanisch Franz Georg, Baumgartner Werner
Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
Institute for Biochemistry II, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
J R Soc Interface. 2016 Mar;13(116). doi: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0103.
The lizardScincus scincus, also known as sandfish, can move through aeolian desert sand in a swimming-like manner. A prerequisite for this ability is a special integument, i.e. scales with a very low friction for sand and a high abrasion resistance. Glycans in the scales are causally related to the low friction. Here, we analysed the glycans and found that neutral glycans with five to nine mannose residues are important. If these glycans were covalently bound to acrylic polymers like poly(methyl methacrylate) or acrylic car coatings at a density of approximately one molecule per 4 nm², friction for and adhesion of sand particles could be reduced to levels close to those observed with sandfish scales. This was also found true, if the glycans were isolated from sources other than sandfish scales like plants such as almonds or mistletoe. We speculate that these neutral glycans act as low density spacers separating sand particles from the dense scales thereby reducing van der Waals forces.
蜥蜴沙鱼(Scincus scincus),也被称为沙鱼蜥,能够以类似游泳的方式在风沙侵蚀的沙漠沙地中移动。具备这种能力的一个先决条件是一种特殊的外皮,即具有极低的沙子摩擦力和高耐磨性的鳞片。鳞片中的聚糖与低摩擦力存在因果关系。在此,我们分析了聚糖,发现具有五到九个甘露糖残基的中性聚糖很重要。如果这些聚糖以每4纳米²约一个分子的密度共价结合到丙烯酸聚合物如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸汽车涂料上,沙子颗粒的摩擦力和附着力可以降低到接近沙鱼蜥鳞片所观察到的水平。如果从沙鱼蜥鳞片以外的来源如杏仁或槲寄生等植物中分离出这些聚糖,情况也是如此。我们推测这些中性聚糖起到低密度间隔物的作用,将沙子颗粒与致密的鳞片分隔开,从而减少范德华力。