Hobson-Webb Lisa D, Padua Luca
*Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.; †Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences & Orthopaedics, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy; and ‡Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
J Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 Apr;33(2):94-102. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000233.
Focal neuropathies represent the most common indication for referral to electrodiagnostic laboratories. The etiologies range from chronic compression, as might be seen in carpal tunnel syndrome, to acute traumatic nerve injuries that require rapid intervention. The gold standard for diagnosis, electrodiagnostic testing, cannot provide the complementary anatomical information necessary to guide accurate diagnosis and treatment. An expanding body of literature supports the use of neuromuscular ultrasound as a standard component for evaluating focal neuropathies. In the current review, the role of ultrasound in both common and unusual compression neuropathies is reviewed, along with the use of ultrasound in traumatic nerve injury. The evidence demonstrates that nerve ultrasound has an essential, complementary role with electrodiagnostic testing.
局灶性神经病是转诊至电诊断实验室最常见的指征。其病因范围从慢性压迫（如腕管综合征所见）到需要迅速干预的急性创伤性神经损伤。诊断的金标准——电诊断测试，无法提供指导准确诊断和治疗所需的补充性解剖学信息。越来越多的文献支持将神经肌肉超声作为评估局灶性神经病的标准组成部分。在当前综述中，回顾了超声在常见和不常见压迫性神经病中的作用，以及超声在创伤性神经损伤中的应用。证据表明，神经超声在电诊断测试中具有重要的补充作用。
