Zhang Fang, Zhao Juan, Chen Pan, Chen Zhuqing, Chen Yuanyuan, Feng Albert S
College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Mar;139(3):1018-23. doi: 10.1121/1.4942585.
Male concave-eared torrent frogs (Odorrana tormota) can emit at least eight distinct call-types. However, the mechanisms by which they are produced are not fully understood. Anatomical analysis revealed that the vocal sacs of male O. tormota comprise two physically distinct compartments (pars lateralis and pars ventralis), residing on two sides of the vocal slits. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the two compartments play a role in the production of the diverse call-types. For this, audio and video recordings of male vocalizations were made, and sounds were analyzed afterwards. Results showed that the vocal sac inflation pattern was heterogeneous, and the call duration was a major factor determining the differential inflation patterns. Short call-types (duration <200 ms) involved inflation of one of the compartments only; those having a fundamental frequency (F0) of >5000 Hz involved inflation of pars lateralis only, whereas those with an F0 of <4000 Hz (tone-pips and "infant" calls) involved inflation of pars ventralis only. Long call-types (duration >200 ms), e.g., shallow frequency modulation calls, staccato calls, and long calls, involved inflation of both compartments of the vocal sacs. These results give support to the working hypothesis.
雄性凹耳湍蛙（Odorrana tormota）能够发出至少八种不同的叫声类型。然而，它们产生这些叫声的机制尚未完全明确。解剖分析表明，雄性凹耳湍蛙的声囊由两个物理上不同的腔室（外侧部和腹侧部）组成，位于声裂的两侧。本研究的目的是验证这两个腔室在产生多样叫声类型中发挥作用的假设。为此，对雄性蛙的发声进行了音频和视频记录，并随后对声音进行了分析。结果显示，声囊的膨胀模式是不均匀的，叫声持续时间是决定不同膨胀模式的主要因素。短叫声类型（持续时间<200毫秒）仅涉及其中一个腔室的膨胀；基频（F0）>5000赫兹的叫声仅涉及外侧部的膨胀，而F0<4000赫兹的叫声（音点和“婴儿”叫声）仅涉及腹侧部的膨胀。长叫声类型（持续时间>200毫秒），如浅调频叫声、断奏叫声和长叫声，涉及声囊两个腔室的膨胀。这些结果支持了该工作假设。
