Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Epidemiology Unit Western Regional Health Authority, Montego Bay, Jamaica, West Indies.
Ann Glob Health. 2015 Sep-Oct;81(5):654-63. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.013.
Outbreaks of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) such as dengue and malaria can overwhelm health systems in resource-poor countries. Environmental management strategies that reduce or eliminate vector breeding sites combined with improved personal prevention strategies can help to significantly reduce transmission of these infections.
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of residents in western Jamaica regarding control of mosquito vectors and protection from mosquito bites.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and August 2010 among patients or family members of patients waiting to be seen at hospitals in western Jamaica. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and KAPs regarding VBDs. KAP scores were calculated and categorized as high or low based on the number of correct or positive responses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of KAP and linear regression analysis conducted to determine if knowledge and attitude scores predicted practice scores.
In all, 361 (85 men and 276 women) people participated in the study. Most participants (87%) scored low on knowledge and practice items (78%). Conversely, 78% scored high on attitude items. By multivariate logistic regression, housewives were 82% less likely than laborers to have high attitude scores; homeowners were 65% less likely than renters to have high attitude scores. Participants from households with 1 to 2 children were 3.4 times more likely to have high attitude scores compared with those from households with no children. Participants from households with at least 5 people were 65% less likely than those from households with fewer than 5 people to have high practice scores. By multivariable linear regression knowledge and attitude scores were significant predictors of practice score.
The study revealed poor knowledge of VBDs and poor prevention practices among participants. It identified specific groups that can be targeted with vector control and personal protection interventions to decrease transmission of the infections.
虫媒传染病（VBD）的爆发，如登革热和疟疾，可能使资源匮乏国家的卫生系统不堪重负。减少或消除病媒滋生地的环境管理策略，加上改进的个人预防策略，可以显著降低这些感染的传播。
本研究旨在评估牙买加西部居民对控制蚊虫媒介和防止蚊虫叮咬的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。
2010 年 5 月至 8 月期间，在牙买加西部的医院等候就诊的患者或其家属中进行了一项横断面研究。参与者完成了一份关于社会人口因素以及蚊媒传染病的 KAP 的问卷调查。根据正确或阳性回答的数量，计算 KAP 评分并分为高或低。进行逻辑回归分析以确定 KAP 的预测因素，并进行线性回归分析以确定知识和态度评分是否预测实践评分。
共有 361 人（85 名男性和 276 名女性）参加了研究。大多数参与者（87％）在知识和实践项目上得分较低（78％）。相反，78％的人在态度项目上得分较高。通过多变量逻辑回归，家庭主妇比工人的高态度评分低 82％；业主比租户的高态度评分低 65％。与没有孩子的家庭相比，家中有 1 到 2 个孩子的参与者更有可能获得高态度评分，其可能性是后者的 3.4 倍。家中人口至少 5 人的参与者比家中人口少于 5 人的参与者更不可能采取高预防措施，其可能性低 65％。多元线性回归显示，知识和态度评分是实践评分的显著预测因素。
该研究揭示了参与者对 VBD 的知识不足和预防措施不佳。它确定了可以针对特定群体进行病媒控制和个人保护干预，以减少感染的传播。
