Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
Ann Glob Health. 2015 Sep-Oct;81(5):664-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.015.
Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk for acquiring hepatitis B virus infection because of needle stick injury (NSI) and occupational exposures to potentially infectious bodily fluids. Hepatitis B vaccination confers protection against the infection. Very little information is available in India about current vaccination status and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) practices among HCWs.
This study had 2 objectives. The first was to characterize current vaccination coverage among HCWs, and the second was to define PEP practices among HCWs after NSI and exposures to potentially infectious bodily fluids.
A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals attached to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. We selected 297 individuals. A pretested, semistructured questionnaire was devised to collect information from study participants. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, data were collected by interviewing HCWs in the hospitals. Analysis was done using SPSS.
Nearly all (93.8%) of the HCWs surveyed had taken 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine. However, only 57.1% completed the primary series of 3 doses and only 26.4% had taken 1 or more booster doses. Of the HCWs questioned, 24.8% had experienced NSIs, exposure to potentially infectious bodily fluids, or both. Local measures were the PEP practices most commonly used (85.5%) by the HCWs.
The present study demonstrated that there is a need in Mangalore to improve the vaccination coverage and train HCWs in appropriate PEP practices. This will protect the workers from acquiring hepatitis B infection.
医护人员（HCWs）因针刺伤（NSI）和职业接触潜在传染性体液而面临感染乙型肝炎病毒的高风险。乙型肝炎疫苗接种可提供针对该感染的保护。印度几乎没有关于 HCWs 目前疫苗接种状况和接触潜在传染性体液后的暴露后预防（PEP）实践的信息。
本研究有两个目标。第一个是描述 HCWs 目前的疫苗接种覆盖率，第二个是确定 HCWs 在 NSI 和接触潜在传染性体液后实施 PEP 的实践情况。
在 Mangalore 的 Kasturba 医学院附属医院进行了一项基于问卷的横断面研究。我们选择了 297 人。设计了一份经过预测试的半结构化问卷，以便从研究参与者那里收集信息。在获得机构伦理委员会的许可后，在医院采访 HCWs 以收集数据。使用 SPSS 进行分析。
调查的 HCWs 几乎都（93.8%）接种了 1 剂乙型肝炎疫苗。然而，只有 57.1%完成了 3 剂的基础系列接种，只有 26.4%接种了 1 剂或更多加强剂。在接受调查的 HCWs 中，24.8%经历过 NSI、接触潜在传染性体液或两者兼有。局部措施是 HCWs 最常使用的 PEP 实践（85.5%）。
本研究表明，Mangalore 需要提高疫苗接种覆盖率，并培训 HCWs 实施适当的 PEP 实践。这将保护工作人员免受乙型肝炎感染。
