Cortical areas involved in horizontal OKN in cats: metabolic activity.

Cerebral cortex improves optokinetic responses to high target velocities, but the specific cortical areas involved are unknown. Using the 14C-deoxyglucose technique, we compared local rates of cerebral glucose utilization in cats viewing a moving optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) drum (experimental group) with those in cats viewing a stationary OKN drum (control group). In the experimental group, glucose utilization was increased in areas 17 and 18 and in 4 areas in suprasylvian cortex (21a, 21b, PMLS, and VLS). There were no changes in glucose utilization in areas 7, 19, 20a, 20b, ALLS, AMLS, DLS, PLLS, the posterior suprasylvian area, and the splenial visual area. The increases in glucose utilization in areas 17 and 18 were most significant in the granular layers (inner III and IV). In areas 21a, 21b, PMLS, and VLS, the increases in glucose utilization extended from layers II through V. There was also a regional distribution of the increase in glucose utilization within each of these areas in the experimental animals. The increase in glucose utilization did not include the rostral portion of PMLS or the borders between areas PMLS and 21a, and VLS and 21b. In addition, there was a smaller increase in glucose utilization at the borders between areas 17 and 18 than in other portions of these 2 areas. The results indicate that areas 17, 18, 21a, 21b, PMLS, and VLS may be involved in the cortical modulation of horizontal OKN. The laminar distribution of label within the cortical areas corresponds with the distribution of projections from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to areas 17 and 18, and from areas 17 and 18 to PMLS. The regional distribution of the metabolic activity within areas 17, 18, and PMLS coincides with that portion of cortex expected to be excited by either the spatial frequency of the stimulus or the retinalslip velocity (drum velocity minus slow phase eye velocity) occurring during the eye movements.