Watanabe Junko, Watanabe Mariko, Yamaoka Kazue, Nemoto Asuka, Adachi Misa, Yokotsuka Masako, Tango Toshiro
Prefectural University of Kumamoto.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2016;63(3):113-25. doi: 10.11236/jph.63.3_113.
This study aimed to examine the association between subjective symptoms and lifestyle habits among junior high school students by using a cross-sectional survey.
The survey was conducted during May-November 2012. The study subjects were 1229 adolescents (527 boys and 702 girls, age 12-13 years) from 10 junior high schools in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Data from 1182 students (500 boys and 682 girls; response rate 96.2%) were used for the analyses. School nurses measured students' body weights and heights. A self-administered questionnaire examining dietary intake (FFQW82), subjective symptoms (12 items), lifestyle habits (18 items), and diet- and health-related topics (9 items) was used. The 4 categories of each of the 12 subjective symptoms were classified into dichotomous variables (1=always or sometimes; 0=occasionally or never). The subjective symptom score was calculated as a total score by summing up the dichotomous variables for the 12 subjective symptoms. Associations were examined using a chi-square test, Student's t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and a stepwise regression model. The structure of factors was examined by factor analysis (varimax rotation) and associations among the question items were examined by principal component analysis. A significance level of 5% (two-sided) was applied and SAS ver. 9.3 software was used for the analyses.
Students' body weights and heights were mostly at or near national averages. The ratio of energy intake at breakfast, lunch, and dinner for the 1-day total energy intake (kcal) was respectively 2:3:4, indicating decreased energy intake at breakfast. The percent energy (%E) from fat of the 1-day total energy intake was 29%E for boys and 30%E for girls. Using regression models, we found that the following lifestyle factors were significantly related to fewer subjective symptoms: "balanced diet," and "sleeping 6 hours or more per day" were for boys and girls, "regularly eating three meals a day," "strong appetite," and "having relaxation time" for girls. However, the following factors were significantly related to more subjective symptoms: "eating hurriedly," and "2 hours or more of watching television or playing video games" were for boys and girls, "cooking meals or sweets" for boys, "eating snacks and nighttime meals," and "eating dinner after 9 p.m.," and "preparing bento (boxed lunches)" for girls. Dietary intake was not significantly related to subjective symptoms.
Findings from this study suggest that subjective symptoms are associated with lifestyle habits among junior high school students.
本研究旨在通过横断面调查，探讨初中生主观症状与生活习惯之间的关联。
调查于2012年5月至11月进行。研究对象为日本熊本县10所初中的1229名青少年（527名男生和702名女生，年龄12 - 13岁）。分析采用了1182名学生（500名男生和682名女生；应答率96.2%）的数据。学校护士测量了学生的体重和身高。使用了一份自填式问卷，调查饮食摄入量（FFQW82）、主观症状（12项）、生活习惯（18项）以及饮食与健康相关主题（9项）。12种主观症状的每4类被分类为二分变量（1 = 总是或有时；0 = 偶尔或从不）。主观症状得分通过对12种主观症状的二分变量求和计算得出总分。使用卡方检验、学生t检验、威尔科克森秩和检验以及逐步回归模型来检验关联。通过因子分析（方差最大化旋转）检查因素结构，并通过主成分分析检查问题项之间的关联。应用双侧5%的显著性水平，并使用SAS 9.3软件进行分析。
学生的体重和身高大多处于或接近全国平均水平。一日三餐能量摄入量占一日总能量摄入量（千卡）的比例分别为早餐2:午餐3:晚餐4，表明早餐能量摄入量减少。一日总能量摄入量中脂肪提供的能量百分比（%E），男生为29%E，女生为30%E。使用回归模型，我们发现以下生活方式因素与较少的主观症状显著相关：“均衡饮食”以及“每天睡眠6小时或更多”对男生和女生均如此，“每天规律吃三餐”、“食欲旺盛”以及“有放松时间”对女生而言。然而，以下因素与较多的主观症状显著相关：“吃饭匆忙”以及“每天看电视或玩电子游戏2小时或更长时间”对男生和女生均如此，“烹饪饭菜或甜点”对男生而言，“吃零食和夜宵”、“晚上9点后吃晚餐”以及“准备便当（盒饭）”对女生而言。饮食摄入量与主观症状无显著关联。
本研究结果表明，初中生的主观症状与生活习惯有关。
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