Zhai Lukai, Tumban Ebenezer
Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United states.
Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United states.
Antiviral Res. 2016 Jun;130:101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.016. Epub 2016 Apr 1.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of human neoplasias such as warts and cancers. There are ∼19 HPV types associated with cancers, which has made it very challenging for first generation HPV vaccines to offer complete protection against all cancer-causing HPV types. Recently, a second generation HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, has been approved to protect against more HPV types. Worldwide, Gardasil-9 will protect against HPV types associated with ∼90% of cervical cancer case in women and 80-95% of other HPV-associated anogenital cancers in both men and women. However, due to variation in HPV-type specific prevalence and distribution, the vaccine will offer different percentages of protection in different geographical regions; Gardasil-9 will offer protection against HPV types associated with ∼87.7% of cervical cancers in Asia, 91.7% in Africa, 92% in North America, 90.9% in Europe, 89.5% in Latin America & the Caribbean, and 86.5% in Australia. Because of this, Pap smear screening and testing for HPV types not included in Gardasil-9 will need to continue, especially in HIV/AIDS patients. In order to achieve complete protection against all HPV types that cause cervical cancer, a third-generation HPV vaccine is needed.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是人类肿瘤（如疣和癌症）的致病因子。约有19种HPV类型与癌症相关，这使得第一代HPV疫苗很难对所有致癌HPV类型提供全面保护。最近，第二代HPV疫苗佳达修9（Gardasil-9）已获批准，可预防更多HPV类型。在全球范围内，佳达修9将预防约90%的女性宫颈癌病例以及80%-95%的其他HPV相关的男性和女性肛门生殖器癌相关的HPV类型。然而，由于HPV类型的特定流行率和分布存在差异，该疫苗在不同地理区域提供的保护百分比也不同；佳达修9在亚洲可预防约87.7%的宫颈癌相关HPV类型，在非洲为91.7%，在北美为92%，在欧洲为90.9%，在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区为89.5%，在澳大利亚为86.5%。因此，巴氏涂片筛查以及对佳达修9未涵盖的HPV类型进行检测仍需继续，尤其是在艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者中。为了实现对所有导致宫颈癌的HPV类型的全面保护，需要第三代HPV疫苗。
