Jaffré Yannick, Suh Siri
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS) and Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Unité Mixte Internationale 3189, Environnement, Santé, et Societé, Fac Médecine secteur Nord - Bât A, 51, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13916, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
Department of Gender, Women and Sexuality Studies, University of Minnesota, 425 Ford Hall, 224 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2016 May;156:175-83. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.036. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
Despite impressive global investment in reproductive health programs in West Africa, maternal mortality remains unacceptably high and obstetric care is often inadequate. Fertility is among the highest in the world, while contraceptive prevalence remains among the lowest. This paper explores the social and technical dimensions of this situation. We argue that effective reproductive health programs require analyzing the interfaces between technical programs and the social logics and behaviors of health professionals and client populations. Significant gaps between health programs' goals and the behaviors of patients and health care professionals have been observed. While public health projects aim to manage reproduction, sexuality, fertility, and professional practices are regulated socially. Such projects may target technical practices, but access to care is greatly influenced by social norms and ethics. This paper shows how an empirical anthropology that investigates the social and technical interfaces of reproduction can contribute to improved global health.
尽管全球对西非生殖健康项目投入了可观的资金，但孕产妇死亡率仍然高得令人无法接受，产科护理往往也不足。该地区的生育率位居世界前列，而避孕药具的普及率却处于世界最低水平。本文探讨了这一情况的社会和技术层面。我们认为，有效的生殖健康项目需要分析技术项目与卫生专业人员和服务对象的社会逻辑及行为之间的相互关系。人们已经观察到卫生项目目标与患者及医护人员行为之间存在重大差距。虽然公共卫生项目旨在管理生育、性行为和生育能力，且专业行为受到社会规范，但此类项目可能以技术行为为目标，然而获得医疗服务却受到社会规范和伦理的极大影响。本文展示了一门研究生殖的社会和技术相互关系的实证人类学如何能促进全球健康状况的改善。
