Khundrakpam Budhachandra S, Lewis John D, Zhao Lu, Chouinard-Decorte François, Evans Alan C
McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
Neuroimage. 2016 Jul 1;134:192-203. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.062. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
The developing human brain undergoes an astonishing sequence of events that continuously shape the structural and functional brain connectivity. Distinct regional variations in the timelines of maturational events (synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning) occurring at the synaptic level are reflected in brain measures at macroscopic resolution (cortical thickness and gray matter density). Interestingly, the observed brain changes coincide with cognitive milestones suggesting that the changing scaffold of brain circuits may subserve cognitive development. Recent advances in connectivity analysis propelled by graph theory have allowed, on one hand, the investigation of maturational changes in global organization of structural and functional brain networks; and on the other hand, the exploration of specific networks within the context of global brain networks. An emerging picture from several connectivity studies is a system-level rewiring that constantly refines the connectivity of the developing brain.
发育中的人类大脑经历了一系列惊人的事件，这些事件不断塑造着大脑的结构和功能连接。在突触水平发生的成熟事件（突触发生和突触修剪）时间轴上的明显区域差异，反映在宏观分辨率的大脑测量指标（皮质厚度和灰质密度）中。有趣的是，观察到的大脑变化与认知里程碑相吻合，这表明不断变化的脑回路支架可能有助于认知发展。由图论推动的连通性分析的最新进展，一方面使得对大脑结构和功能网络全局组织的成熟变化进行研究成为可能；另一方面，也能够在全脑网络的背景下探索特定网络。多项连通性研究呈现出的一个新情况是，系统层面的重新布线不断优化着发育中大脑的连通性。
