Vanegas Jorge Leonardo, Carro Maria Dolores, Alvir Maria Remedios, González Javier
Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Jan;97(1):350-356. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7743. Epub 2016 May 18.
Combined malic acid-heat treatments of protein supplements have been shown to reduce ruminal protein degradation, but there is no information on their possible influence on ruminal fermentation and methane emissions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the treatment of sunflower meal (SM) and sunflower seed (SS) with malic acid and subsequent drying at 150°C for 1 (MAL1) or 3 h (MAL3) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission using ruminal fluid from sheep as inoculum.
Compared with untreated samples, the MAL3 treatment reduced (P < 0.05) the dry matter effective degradability (DMED) by 78% and 46% for SS and SM, respectively, indicating heat damage. The MAL1 treatment reduced the DMED of SS by 22%, but did not affect (P > 0.05) total volatile fatty acid production for any feed. This treatment also increased (P < 0.05) the propionate proportion (by 17.7% and 15.6% for SS and SM, respectively) and decreased (P < 0.05) methane production (by 15.5% and 11.3%, respectively) and ammonia-N concentrations (by 26.5% and 14.5%, respectively).
The MAL1 treatment was effective in reducing both ammonia-N concentrations and methane emissions without depressing SS and SM fermentation, but more research is needed to formulate environmentally cleaner diets for ruminants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
已证明对蛋白质补充剂进行苹果酸 - 热处理可降低瘤胃蛋白质降解，但尚无关于其对瘤胃发酵和甲烷排放可能影响的信息。本研究旨在使用绵羊瘤胃液作为接种物，研究用苹果酸处理向日葵粕（SM）和向日葵籽（SS），随后在150°C下干燥1小时（MAL1）或3小时（MAL3）对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷排放的影响。
与未处理的样品相比，MAL3处理使SS和SM的干物质有效降解率（DMED）分别降低了78%和46%，表明存在热损伤。MAL1处理使SS的DMED降低了22%，但对任何饲料的总挥发性脂肪酸产量均无影响（P>0.05）。该处理还提高了（P<0.05）丙酸比例（SS和SM分别提高了17.7%和15.6%），降低了（P<0.05）甲烷产量（分别降低了15.5%和11.3%）和氨氮浓度（分别降低了26.5%和14.5%）。
MAL1处理在不抑制SS和SM发酵的情况下，有效降低了氨氮浓度和甲烷排放，但需要更多研究来为反刍动物制定环境更清洁的日粮。©2016化学工业协会。
