Active Invasive Fungal Infection in a Patient With Severe Aplastic Anemia.

Severe aplastic anemia is almost always fatal unless treated. Invasive fungal infections, particularly those caused by Aspergillus species, have long been recognized as a major cause of death in severe aplastic anemia. However, there are few specific reports about infections and their therapy in patients with aplastic anemia. Despite improvements in the last few years, the response rate of new antifungal drugs, such as voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, has only about a 30% recovery rate in patients with severe neutropenia and persistent fever. There is a paucity of data available about hematopoietic stem cell transplant under active invasive fungal infection in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to discuss the treatment scenarios for 2 severe aplastic anemia patients who have invasive fungal infections.