Wang Kai, Li Xuankun, Ding Shuangmei, Wang Ning, Mao Meng, Wang Mengqing, Yang Ding
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China.
Gene. 2016 Jul 15;586(1):184-96. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.013. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
Brachycera is a clade with over 80,000 described species and originated from the Mesozoic, and its larvae employ comprehensive feeding strategies. The phylogeny of the lower Brachycera has been studied intensively over the past decades. In order to supplement the lack of genetic data in this important group, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Atylotus miser as well as the nearly complete mt genomes of another 11 orthorrhaphous flies. The mt genome of A. miser is 15,858bp, which is typical of Diptera, with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a 993bp control region. The rest of the orthorrhaphous mt genomes in our study have the similar structure with A. miser. Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 20 mt genomes using Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods in order to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship of Orthorrhapha. The results show that all infraorders of Brachycera are monophyletic, and a relationship of Tabanomorpha+((Xylophagomorpha+Stratiomyomorpha)+Muscomorpha) has been proposed. Within Xylophagomorpha, Nemestrinoidae forms the sister group of Xylophagidae.
短角亚目是一个包含超过80000种已描述物种的进化枝，起源于中生代，其幼虫采用多种取食策略。在过去几十年里，对低等短角亚目的系统发育进行了深入研究。为了补充这一重要类群遗传数据的不足，我们对凶狠阿蒂摇蚊的完整线粒体（mt）基因组以及另外11种直裂蝇的近乎完整的mt基因组进行了测序。凶狠阿蒂摇蚊的mt基因组为15858bp，这是双翅目的典型特征，有13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和一个993bp的控制区。我们研究中的其他直裂蝇mt基因组与凶狠阿蒂摇蚊具有相似的结构。此外，我们使用最大似然法和贝叶斯法对20个mt基因组进行了系统发育分析，以重建直裂亚目的进化关系。结果表明，短角亚目的所有下目都是单系的，并提出了一个虻下目+（（木食下目+水虻下目）+蝇下目）的关系。在木食下目内，拟寄蝇科构成了木食蝇科的姐妹群。
