Dupuy Madeleine M, Ramirez Ricardo A
Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 (
J Integr Pest Manag. 2016 Apr 1;7(1):6. doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmw004. eCollection 2016 Jan.
Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: spp.) are a complex of weevil pests affecting turfgrass throughout the United States. Billbug larvae cause damage by feeding in stems, on roots, and on the crowns of turf, causing severe discoloration and eventual plant death. Monitoring efforts have focused on nondestructive pitfall sampling of ground-active billbug adults and on destructive sampling using soil cores for larval stages in the soil. Given the cryptic nature of the susceptible larval stages, billbugs are typically managed by preventive applications of long-residual, systemic insecticides, including neonicotinoids and anthranilic diamides. Despite knowledge of effective management practices including pest-resistant turf varieties, irrigation management, and microbial controls that contribute to an IPM approach, billbug management continues to rely heavily on prophylactic synthetic insecticides. This review will summarize the identification and biology of billbugs and strategies for their management.
象鼻虫（鞘翅目：象甲科：多种）是一类影响美国各地草坪草的象鼻虫害虫。象鼻虫幼虫通过取食草茎、根部和草坪草的冠部造成损害，导致严重变色并最终使植株死亡。监测工作主要集中在对地面活动的象鼻虫成虫进行非破坏性陷阱采样，以及对土壤中幼虫阶段使用土芯进行破坏性采样。鉴于易感幼虫阶段的隐匿性，象鼻虫通常通过预防性施用长效、内吸性杀虫剂进行管理，包括新烟碱类和邻氨基苯甲酰胺类。尽管了解包括抗虫草坪品种、灌溉管理和微生物防治等有助于综合虫害管理方法的有效管理措施，但象鼻虫的管理仍然严重依赖预防性合成杀虫剂。本综述将总结象鼻虫的识别、生物学特性及其管理策略。
