Successful Transplantation in ABO- and HLA-Incompatible Living Kidney Transplant Patients: A Report on 12 Cases.

Few studies have assessed the outcomes of ABOi/HLAi living-kidney transplantation. We report a single-center experience of 12 ABOi/HLAi living-kidney recipients. Twenty-seven donor-specific alloantibodies (DSAs) (1-6 per patient) were found with fluorescence intensities of 1500-15 000. Desensitization was based on IVIg, two doses of rituximab (375 mg/m ), tacrolimus-based (0.2 mg/kg) immunosuppression (started on day-10 pretransplant), and 11 (6-27) pretransplant apheresis sessions (plasmapheresis, specific or semi-specific immunoadsorption). By day 0, 17 of the 27 DSAs had become undetectable. After 19 (3-51) months, patient- and graft-survival rates were 100% and 91.6%, respectively. One patient had an acute humoral rejection whereas three had a chronic antibody-mediated rejection (CAMR). At the last follow-up, kidney biopsies were nearly normal in seven cases (58.3%) and renal function was excellent except for the three cases of CAMR. Four patients had a BK virus infection. We conclude that ABOi/HLAi living-kidney transplantation is a reasonable option for highly sensitized patients.