Bondar Denys I, Cabrera Renan, Campos Andre, Mukamel Shaul, Rabitz Herschel A
Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States.
J Phys Chem Lett. 2016 May 5;7(9):1632-7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00498. Epub 2016 Apr 19.
Dissipative forces are ubiquitous and thus constitute an essential part of realistic physical theories. However, quantization of dissipation has remained an open challenge for nearly a century. We construct a quantum counterpart of classical friction, a velocity-dependent force acting against the direction of motion. In particular, a translationary invariant Lindblad equation is derived satisfying the appropriate dynamical relations for the coordinate and momentum (i.e., the Ehrenfest equations). Numerical simulations establish that the model approximately equilibrates. These findings significantly advance a long search for a universally valid Lindblad model of quantum friction and open opportunities for exploring novel dissipation phenomena.
耗散力无处不在，因此构成了现实物理理论的重要组成部分。然而，近一个世纪以来，耗散的量子化一直是一个悬而未决的挑战。我们构建了经典摩擦力的量子对应物，这是一种与速度相关且与运动方向相反的力。具体而言，我们推导了一个平移不变的林德布拉德方程，它满足坐标和动量的适当动力学关系（即埃伦费斯特定理）。数值模拟表明该模型近似达到平衡。这些发现显著推进了对通用有效的量子摩擦林德布拉德模型的长期探索，并为探索新型耗散现象开辟了机会。
