[Seasonal Variability of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Urban Lakes in Changchun, China].

The partial pressures of carbon dioxide p(CO2) and methane p(CH4) in the surface water of seven urban lakes in Changchun city, China (Nan Lake, Bei Lake, Yanming Lake, Shengli, Dilisuo, Changchun, Tianjia) , have been studied in both summer and autumn related to the environment and water quality parameters. The results indicated that both in summer and autumn, CH4 of seven lakes was all supersaturated, and CO2 was all supersaturated except in Nan lake and Shengli lake. For either p( C02) or p( CH4), there was a significant difference among different urban lakes (P < 0.05), and there was almost no obvious difference in the same lake between summer and autumn. The gas flux also had a significant difference among different urban lakes (P <0. 05). Except for Nan Lake and Shengli, all other lakes were the sources of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 both in summer and fall, and the discharge of CO2 to atmosphere by lakes was more than that of CH4. According to the correlation analysis, there was a significant negative relationship between p(CO2, CH4) and sunshine duration in summer (r p(CO2) = -0.48, P <0. 05; rp(CH4) = -0.63, P < 0.01). The sunshine duration could affect the concentrations of CO2 and dissolved oxygen in the water by influencing the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. There was also a significant negative relationship between p(CH4) and precipitation in summer (r p(CH4) = 0.44, P < 0.05), and between p (CO2) and air temperature in autumn (r p(cO2) = -0.39, P < 0.05). The correlation analysis between water quality parameters and p(CO2, CH4) showed that both p(CO2) and p(CH4) were negatively correlated with pH (r(Co2) = -0.51, r P(C4) = -0.82, P < 0.01), while they were positively correlated with salinity (r p(CO2) = 0.38, P < 0.05; r p(CH4) = 0.75, P < 0.01). The results suggested that the levels of nutrients in these urban lakes, which were related to the phytoplankton biomass, were not the main influencing factors for p(CO2) in surface water, and sunshine duration, pH, and salinity all had a greater impact on p (CO2) and p(CH4) in summer and autumn.