Peng Xi-zhu, Yang Sheng-xiang, Li Feng-mei, Cao Jian-bing, Peng Qing-jing
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2016 Jan 15;37(1):301-8.
A field trial was conducted in an abandoned Pb/Zn mine tailings to evaluate the effectiveness of three industrial wastes [sweet sorghum vinasse (SSV), medicinal herb residues (MHR) and spent mushroom compost (SMC)] as organic amendments on plant growth, soil nutrients and enzyme activities, and heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues and the mine tailings. (1) The main findings were as follows: (1) The mean concentrations of diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in SSV, MHR and SMC treatments decreased by 24.2%-27.3%, 45.7%-48.3%, 18.0%-20.9% and 10.1%-14.2% as compared to the control tailings. When compared to the control tailings, the mean values of organic matter, ammonium-N and available P in SSV, MHR and SMC treatments increased by 2.27-2.32, 12.4-12.8 and 4.04-4.74 times, respectively. Similarly, the addition of SSV, MHR and SMC significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, beta-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase), being 5.51-6.37, 1.72-1.96, 6.32-6.62 and 2.35-2.62 times higher than those in the control tailings. (2) The application of these wastes promoted seed germination and seedling growth. The vegetation cover reached 84%, 79% and 86% at SSV, MHR and SMC subplots. For Lolium perenne and Cynodon dactylon, the addition of SSV, MHR and SMC led to significant increases in the shoot biomass yields with 4.2-5.6 and 15.7-17.3 times greater than those in the tailings. Moreover, the addition of SSV, MHR and SMC significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the shoots of L. perenne and C. dactylon in comparison with the control tailings. (3) Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the vegetation cover and biomass were positively correlated with soil nutrient elements and enzyme activities. Significant negative correlations were observed between DTPA-extractable metal concentrations and vegetation cover and biomass. The metal concentrations in plants were positively correlated with soil DTPA-extractable metal concentrations and negatively correlated with soil nutrient elements and enzyme activities. The results obtained in this field study confirmed that the three organic-rich industrial wastes could be used as amendments for aided phytostabilization of some types of mine tailings.
在一个废弃的铅锌矿尾矿库进行了一项田间试验，以评估三种工业废料[甜高粱酒糟（SSV）、药渣（MHR）和蘑菇渣（SMC）]作为有机改良剂对植物生长、土壤养分、酶活性以及植物组织和尾矿中重金属浓度的影响。（1）主要研究结果如下：（1）与对照尾矿相比，SSV、MHR和SMC处理中，二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA）可提取的镉、铜、铅和锌的平均浓度分别降低了24.2%-27.3%、45.7%-48.3%、18.0%-20.9%和10.1%-14.2%。与对照尾矿相比，SSV、MHR和SMC处理中有机质、铵态氮和有效磷的平均值分别增加了2.27-2.32倍、12.4-12.8倍和4.04-4.74倍。同样，添加SSV、MHR和SMC显著提高了土壤酶活性（脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和磷酸酶），分别比对照尾矿高5.51-6.37倍、1.72-1.96倍、6.32-6.62倍和2.35-2.62倍。（2）这些废料的施用促进了种子萌发和幼苗生长。在SSV、MHR和SMC小区，植被覆盖率分别达到了84%、79%和86%。对于黑麦草和狗牙根，添加SSV、MHR和SMC显著提高了地上生物量产量，分别比尾矿高4.2-5.6倍和15.7-17.3倍。此外，与对照尾矿相比，添加SSV、MHR和SMC显著降低了黑麦草和狗牙根地上部分镉、铜、铅和锌的浓度。（3）Pearson相关系数表明，植被覆盖率和生物量与土壤养分元素和酶活性呈正相关。DTPA可提取金属浓度与植被覆盖率和生物量之间存在显著负相关。植物中的金属浓度与土壤DTPA可提取金属浓度呈正相关，与土壤养分元素和酶活性呈负相关。该田间研究结果证实，这三种富含有机质的工业废料可作为改良剂用于某些类型尾矿的辅助植物稳定化。
