Courant D, Court L, Abadie B, Brouillet B
Département de Protection Sanitaire, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Health Phys. 1989 May;56(5):637-42. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198905000-00006.
The risks of using lasers, particularly ocular hazards, have called for the definition of exposure limits. Our investigations involved the retinal effects of the laser beam in the visible spectrum and were directed toward verifying the limit values by defining the thresholds of retinal damage in experiments carried out on the rabbit and the monkey. The wavelengths emitted by the experimental set-ups were 593 and 532 nm, the pulse durations were 600 and 40 ns, and the retinal image diameter varied from approximately 30 to 570 microns. A direct ophthalmoscopic observation and a method using fluorescein angiography were employed to detect a pathologic change in the retina. The energy correlates of retinal lesions were statistically analyzed by a method of probit analysis. The results showed that determining funduscopic thresholds is chiefly a function of the investigation technique used and the delay in observation after the exposure. Our results obtained with fluorescein angiography extrapolated to the human eye support the exposure limit established for intrabeam viewing, but not for an extended source laser which corresponds to a probability of damage increasing with the retinal image diameter. The exposure limit related to the experimental retinal spot size of 285 and 570 microns corresponds to damage probabilities of 7% and 32%, respectively.
使用激光的风险，尤其是眼部危害，促使人们对暴露限值进行定义。我们的研究涉及可见光谱中激光束对视网膜的影响，旨在通过在兔子和猴子身上进行实验来确定视网膜损伤阈值，从而验证限值。实验装置发出的波长为593和532纳米，脉冲持续时间为600和40纳秒，视网膜图像直径约为30至570微米。采用直接检眼镜观察和荧光素血管造影方法来检测视网膜的病理变化。通过概率分析方法对视网膜病变的能量相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明，确定眼底阈值主要取决于所使用的研究技术以及暴露后观察的延迟时间。我们通过荧光素血管造影获得的结果外推至人眼，支持为光束内观察设定的暴露限值，但不支持与扩展源激光相关的限值，扩展源激光对应的损伤概率随视网膜图像直径增加。与285和570微米的实验性视网膜光斑尺寸相关的暴露限值分别对应7%和32%的损伤概率。
