School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Prev Vet Med. 2016 May 1;127:27-36. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
A 2-year prospective, longitudinal study of 10 suckler sheep flocks in Great Britain was run to identify factors associated with acute mastitis (AM) and chronic mastitis, and their impact on lamb growth rate. Data were collected on AM, intramammary masses (IMM; a marker for chronic mastitis), udder and teat conformation, teat lesions, body condition, ewe nutrition, litter size, lamb weight and general flock management. Each flock was visited twice each year, approximately 4 weeks before lambing and 9 weeks into lactation, for two years and all ewes present at a visit were examined. There were 7021 examinations in total. AM was reported in 2.1-3.0% of ewes/year; this ranged from 0.0% to 37.1% by flock. IMM were detected in 4.7% of ewes in pregnancy and 10.9% of ewes in lactation. Once an IMM had been detected there was an increased risk of future IMM although IMM were not consistently present. The majority of ewes had good udder conformation to suckle lambs. Factors associated with AM, IMM in pregnant and lactating ewes, udder conformation and lamb daily live weight gain were explored using mixed effect multivariable models. An increased risk of AM was associated with underfeeding protein in pregnancy (OR 4.05), forward pointing teats (OR 2.54), downward pointing teats (OR 4.68), rearing≥2 lambs (OR 2.65), non-traumatic teat lesions (OR 2.09); and marginally associated with the presence of IMM. An increased risk of IMM in lactation was associated with AM during lactation (OR 12.39), IMM in pregnancy (OR 4.79), IMM in the previous lactation (OR 4.77), underfeeding energy in pregnancy (OR 6.66) and traumatic teat lesions (OR 2.48). An increased risk of IMM in pregnancy was associated with IMM in the previous pregnancy, IMM in the previous lactation and underfeeding energy in the previous lactation (OR 2.95). Lower lamb daily live weight gain was associated with traumatic teat lesions, IMM in lactation (-0.01kg/day) and AM (-0.04kg/day). We conclude that inadequate nutrition is an important cause of mastitis in suckler ewes which farmers could address in part using current nutritional guidelines but further work is needed. The relationship between AM and IMM indicates that separating or culling ewes with IMM would help reduce AM.
一项为期两年的前瞻性纵向研究在英国对 10 个奶牛羊群进行了研究，以确定与急性乳腺炎（AM）和慢性乳腺炎相关的因素及其对羔羊生长速度的影响。数据收集了 AM、乳腺内肿块（IMM；慢性乳腺炎的标志物）、乳房和乳头形态、乳头损伤、体况、母羊营养、产羔数、羔羊体重和一般羊群管理。每群每年进行两次访问，大约在产羔前 4 周和泌乳 9 周时进行，两年内所有在场的母羊都接受了检查。总共有 7021 次检查。每年有 2.1-3.0%的母羊报告 AM；根据羊群的不同，范围从 0.0%到 37.1%。在妊娠期间检测到 4.7%的母羊和 10.9%的哺乳期母羊有 IMM。一旦检测到 IMM，尽管 IMM 并不总是存在，但未来发生 IMM 的风险会增加。大多数母羊都有良好的乳房形态来哺乳羔羊。使用混合效应多变量模型探讨了与 AM、妊娠和哺乳期母羊的 IMM、乳房形态和羔羊日增重相关的因素。在妊娠期间蛋白质摄入不足（OR 4.05）、向前指向的乳头（OR 2.54）、向下指向的乳头（OR 4.68）、养育≥2 只羔羊（OR 2.65）、非创伤性乳头损伤（OR 2.09）与 AM 风险增加相关；与 IMM 的存在呈边缘相关。哺乳期 IMM 风险增加与哺乳期 AM（OR 12.39）、妊娠期间 IMM（OR 4.79）、前次泌乳期间 IMM（OR 4.77）、妊娠期间能量摄入不足（OR 6.66）和创伤性乳头损伤（OR 2.48）相关。妊娠期间 IMM 风险增加与前次妊娠、前次泌乳期间 IMM 和前次泌乳期间能量摄入不足相关（OR 2.95）。羔羊日增重降低与创伤性乳头损伤、哺乳期 IMM（-0.01kg/天）和 AM（-0.04kg/天）有关。我们得出结论，营养不足是奶牛母羊乳腺炎的一个重要原因，农民可以部分地通过当前的营养指南来解决这个问题，但还需要进一步的工作。AM 和 IMM 之间的关系表明，分离或淘汰患有 IMM 的母羊将有助于减少 AM。
