Schneider Arnaud R, Morvan Xavier, Saby Nicolas P A, Cancès Benjamin, Ponthieu Marie, Gommeaux Maxime, Marin Béatrice
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France.
INRA, US 1106 Infosol, 45075, Orléans, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Aug;23(15):15164-74. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6624-2. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
Major and trace elements in soils originate from natural processes and different anthropogenic activities which are difficult to discriminate. On a 17-ha impacted site in northern France, two industrial sources of soil contamination were xidentified: a former iron foundry and a current secondary lead smelter. To discriminate and map natural and anthropogenic sources of major and trace elements on this site, the rarely applied MULTISPATI-principal component analysis (PCA) method was used. Using a 20-m × 20-m grid, 247 topsoil horizons were sampled and analysed with a field-portable X-ray fluorescence analyser for screening soil contamination. The study site was heavily contaminated with Pb and, to a lesser degree, with Sn. Summary statistics and enrichment factors allowed the differentiation of the main lithogenic or anthropogenic origin of the elements. The MULTISPATI-PCA method, which explained 73.9 % of the variability with the three first factors, evidenced strong spatial structures. Those spatial structures were attributed to different natural and artificial processes in the study area. The first axis can be interpreted as a lithogenic effect. Axes 2 and 3 reflect the two different contamination sources. Pb, Sn and S originated from the secondary lead smelter while Fe and Ca were mainly derived from the old iron foundry activity and the old railway built with foundry sand. This study demonstrated that the MULTISPATI-PCA method can be successfully used to investigate multicontaminated sites to discriminate the various sources of contamination.
土壤中的常量元素和微量元素源于自然过程以及难以区分的不同人为活动。在法国北部一个17公顷的受影响场地，确定了两个土壤污染的工业源头：一个是废旧铸铁厂，另一个是当前的二次铅冶炼厂。为了区分并绘制该场地常量元素和微量元素的自然及人为来源分布图，采用了很少应用的多空间主成分分析（MULTISPATI-PCA）方法。使用20米×20米的网格，采集了247个表土层样本，并用现场便携式X射线荧光分析仪进行分析，以筛查土壤污染情况。研究场地铅污染严重，锡污染程度较轻。汇总统计数据和富集因子有助于区分元素的主要成岩或人为来源。多空间主成分分析方法通过前三个因子解释了73.9%的变异性，证明了强烈的空间结构。这些空间结构归因于研究区域内不同的自然和人工过程。第一轴可解释为成岩效应。第二轴和第三轴反映了两种不同的污染源。铅、锡和硫来自二次铅冶炼厂，而铁和钙主要源自废旧铸铁厂活动以及用铸造砂建造的旧铁路。这项研究表明，多空间主成分分析方法可成功用于调查多污染场地，以区分各种污染源。
