Gault M H, Chafe L, Parfrey P, Robertson W G
Renal Laboratory, General Hospital, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
J Urol. 1989 May;141(5):1104-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41183-9.
The greater frequency of renal stones seen on excretory urograms in women, compared with the greater frequency of ureteral stones in men has been termed a sexual paradox. We assessed stone composition and weight, and sex as possible explanatory factors. A total of 4,014 renal and ureteral calculi was analyzed. For the 3,119 calculi in which only calcium oxalate and/or phosphate was detected by infrared and wet chemical analysis, there was a strong relationship between the oxalate-to-phosphate weight ratio and sex (p less than 0.0001). The mean weight for phosphate stones was 330 mg. but for oxalate stones it was 107 mg. Male-to-female ratios were 2.7, 2.2 and 1.8 for stone weight groups of 20 or less, 21 to 100 and more than 100 mg. The male-to-female ratio was 0.87 for the 171 stones containing magnesium ammonium phosphate; the average weight was 508 mg. for men and 1,560 mg. for women. The tendency for phosphate stones to be heavier and relatively more common in women compared to predominantly oxalate stones may partly account for the sexual paradox.
与男性输尿管结石发生率较高相比，排泄性尿路造影显示女性肾结石发生率较高，这一现象被称为性别悖论。我们评估了结石成分、重量及性别等可能的解释因素。共分析了4014颗肾和输尿管结石。对于通过红外和湿化学分析仅检测出草酸钙和/或磷酸盐的3119颗结石，草酸与磷酸盐的重量比和性别之间存在密切关系（p小于0.0001）。磷酸盐结石的平均重量为330毫克，而草酸钙结石为107毫克。结石重量在20毫克及以下、21至100毫克和超过100毫克的组中，男性与女性的比例分别为2.7、2.2和1.8。对于171颗含有磷酸镁铵的结石，男性与女性的比例为0.87；男性结石平均重量为508毫克，女性为1560毫克。与主要为草酸钙结石相比，磷酸盐结石在女性中往往更重且相对更常见，这可能部分解释了性别悖论。
