用于“减脂”的纳米颗粒平台的合理设计:脂肪酶、甘油激酶和甘油-3-磷酸氧化酶在金属纳米颗粒上的共价固定

Rational Design of Nanoparticle Platforms for "Cutting-the-Fat": Covalent Immobilization of Lipase, Glycerol Kinase, and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Oxidase on Metal Nanoparticles.

作者信息

Aggarwal V, Pundir C S

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

出版信息

Methods Enzymol. 2016;571:197-223. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.01.022.

Abstract

The aggregates of nanoparticles (NPs) are considered better supports for the immobilization of enzymes, as these promote enzyme kinetics, due to their unusual but favorable properties such as larger surface area to volume ratio, high catalytic efficiency of certain immobilized enzymes, non-toxicity of some of the nanoparticle matrices, high stability, strong adsorption of the enzyme of interest by a number of different approaches, and faster electron transportability. Co-immobilization of multiple enzymes required for a multistep reaction cascade on a single support is more efficient than separately immobilizing the corresponding enzymes and mixing them physically, since products of one enzyme could serve as reactants for another. These products can diffuse much more easily between enzymes on the same particle than diffusion from one particle to the next, in the reaction medium. Thus, co-immobilization of enzymes onto NP aggregates is expected to produce faster kinetics than their individual immobilizations on separate matrices. Lipase, glycerol kinase, and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase are required for lipid analysis in a cascade reaction, and we describe the co-immobilization of these three enzymes on nanocomposites of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)-chitosan (CHIT) and gold nanoparticles-polypyrrole-polyindole carboxylic acid (AuPPy-Pin5COOH) which are electrodeposited on Pt and Au electrodes, respectively. The kinetic properties and analytes used for amperometric determination of TG are fully described for others to practice in a trained laboratory. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectra confirmed their covalent co-immobilization onto electrode surfaces through glutaraldehyde coupling on CHIT-ZnONPs and amide bonding on AuPPy/Pin5COOH. The combined activities of co-immobilized enzymes was tested amperometrically, and these composite nanobiocatalysts showed optimum activity within 4-5s, at pH 6.5-7.5 and 35°C, when polarized at a potential between 0.1 and 0.4V. Co-immobilized enzymes showed excellent linearity within 50-700mg/dl of the lipid with detection limit of 20mg/dl for triolein. The half life of co-immobilized enzymes was 7 months, when stored dry at 4°C which is very convenient for practical applications. Co-immobilized biocatalysts measured triglycerides in the sera of apparently healthy persons and persons suffering from hypertriglyceridemia, which is recognized as a leading cause for heart disease. The measurement of serum TG by co-immobilized enzymes was unaffected by the presence of a number of serum substances, tested as potential interferences. Thus, co-immobilization of enzymes onto aggregates of NPs resulted in improved performance for TG analysis.

摘要

纳米颗粒(NPs)聚集体被认为是固定化酶的更好载体,因为它们具有诸如较大的表面积与体积比、某些固定化酶的高催化效率、一些纳米颗粒基质的无毒、高稳定性、通过多种不同方法对目标酶的强吸附以及更快的电子传输能力等非同寻常但有利的特性,从而促进酶动力学。将多步反应级联所需的多种酶共固定在单一载体上比分别固定相应的酶并将它们物理混合更有效,因为一种酶的产物可以作为另一种酶的反应物。在反应介质中,这些产物在同一颗粒上的酶之间扩散比从一个颗粒扩散到另一个颗粒要容易得多。因此,预计将酶共固定在NP聚集体上比将它们分别固定在单独的基质上能产生更快的动力学。在级联反应中进行脂质分析需要脂肪酶、甘油激酶和甘油 - 3 - 磷酸氧化酶,我们描述了将这三种酶共固定在分别电沉积在Pt和Au电极上的氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnONPs) - 壳聚糖(CHIT)和金纳米颗粒 - 聚吡咯 - 聚吲哚羧酸(AuPPy - Pin5COOH)的纳米复合材料上。详细描述了用于安培法测定甘油三酯(TG)的动力学性质和分析物,以便其他人在经过培训的实验室中进行实践。循环伏安法、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和电化学阻抗谱证实了它们通过在CHIT - ZnONPs上的戊二醛偶联和在AuPPy / Pin5COOH上的酰胺键合共价共固定在电极表面。通过安培法测试了共固定化酶的组合活性,这些复合纳米生物催化剂在pH 6.5 - 7.5和35°C下,在0.1至0.4V的电位下极化时,在4 - 5秒内显示出最佳活性。共固定化酶在50 - 700mg/dl脂质范围内显示出优异的线性,三油酸甘油酯的检测限为20mg/dl。共固定化酶在4°C干燥储存时半衰期为7个月,这对于实际应用非常方便。共固定化生物催化剂测量了明显健康的人和患有高甘油三酯血症(被认为是心脏病的主要原因)的人的血清中的甘油三酯。通过共固定化酶测量血清TG不受作为潜在干扰物测试的多种血清物质存在的影响。因此,将酶共固定在NP聚集体上导致TG分析的性能得到改善。

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