Kumar C V, Pattammattel A
Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
Methods Enzymol. 2016;571:225-44. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.03.009. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
A high yielding method for the aqueous exfoliation of graphite crystals to produce high quality graphene nanosheets in a kitchen blender is described here. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin, ovalbumin, lysozyme, and hemoglobin as well as calf serum were used for the exfoliation of graphene. Among these, BSA gave the maximum exfoliation efficiency, exceeding 4mgmL(-1)h(-1) of graphene. Quality of graphene produced was examined by Raman spectroscopy, which indicated 3-5 layer graphene of very high quality and very low levels of defects. Transmission electron microscopy indicated an average size of ~0.5μm flakes. The graphene/BSA dispersions were stable over pH 3.0-11, and at 5°C or 50°C, for more than 2 months. Current approach gave higher rates of BSA/graphene (BioGraphene) in better yields than other methods. Calf serum, when used in place of BSA, also gave high yields of good quality BioGraphene and these preparations may be of direct use for cell culture studies. A simple example of BioGraphene preparation is described that can be adapted in most laboratories, and graphene-adsorbed glucose oxidase is nearly as active as the free enzyme. Current approach may facilitate large-scale production of graphene in most laboratories around the world and it may open new opportunities for biological applications of graphene.
本文介绍了一种高产率的方法，可在厨房搅拌机中对石墨晶体进行水相剥离，以制备高质量的石墨烯纳米片。使用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、β-乳球蛋白、卵清蛋白、溶菌酶、血红蛋白以及小牛血清来剥离石墨烯。其中，BSA的剥离效率最高，超过4mgmL(-1)h(-1)的石墨烯。通过拉曼光谱对所制备石墨烯的质量进行检测，结果表明其为高质量且缺陷水平极低的3-5层石墨烯。透射电子显微镜显示薄片的平均尺寸约为0.5μm。石墨烯/BSA分散体在pH值为3.0-11、5°C或50°C的条件下可稳定存在两个多月。与其他方法相比，当前方法能以更高的产率得到更高比例的BSA/石墨烯（生物石墨烯）。当使用小牛血清替代BSA时，也能高产率地制备出高质量的生物石墨烯，这些制剂可直接用于细胞培养研究。文中描述了一个简单的生物石墨烯制备示例，大多数实验室都可采用，并且石墨烯吸附的葡萄糖氧化酶的活性几乎与游离酶相同。当前方法可能有助于全球大多数实验室大规模生产石墨烯，并可能为石墨烯的生物应用开辟新机遇。
