Oh Seok-Young, Yoon Hyun-Su
J Environ Qual. 2016 May;45(3):993-1002. doi: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0222.
The mobility and bioavailability of nitro explosives (2,4-dinitrotoluene [DNT], 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [TNT], and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine [RDX]) in biochar-amended soils and toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in biochar-amended mine tailings were investigated via various types of leaching procedures in laboratory-scale batch experiments. The results from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction showed that approximately 55 to 95% of the explosives were released from the contaminated soils and would thus be considered as mobile. With the addition of biochar, the extracted concentrations of explosives were reduced to less than 10% of the initial concentrations after 10 d. According to the results from a Korean waste leaching method, the TCLP method, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction, adding biochar to mine tailings reduced the extractability and bioavailability of metals. The chemical forms of the metals, types of extractants, pH, and curing period strongly affected the extractability of metals from mine tailings. The results suggest that biochar is a promising immobilizer of explosives and metals in contaminated soils and mine tailings under limited conditions.
通过实验室规模的间歇实验中的各种浸出程序，研究了生物炭改良土壤中硝基炸药（2,4-二硝基甲苯[DNT]、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯[TNT]和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪[RDX]）的迁移率和生物有效性，以及生物炭改良尾矿中有毒金属（砷、镉、铜、铅和锌）的迁移率和生物有效性。毒性特性浸出程序（TCLP）和羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPCD）萃取的结果表明，约55%至95%的炸药从受污染土壤中释放出来，因此可被视为可迁移的。添加生物炭后，10天后炸药的萃取浓度降至初始浓度的10%以下。根据韩国废物浸出法、TCLP法和二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA）萃取的结果，向尾矿中添加生物炭降低了金属的萃取性和生物有效性。金属的化学形态、萃取剂类型、pH值和养护期对尾矿中金属的萃取性有很大影响。结果表明在有限条件下，生物炭是受污染土壤和尾矿中炸药和金属的一种有前景的固定剂。
