Jansen M D, Bang Jensen B, McLoughlin M F, Rodger H D, Taksdal T, Sindre H, Graham D A, Lillehaug A
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Fish Vet Group, Inverness, Scotland, UK.
J Fish Dis. 2017 Jan;40(1):141-155. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12478. Epub 2016 May 2.
Pancreas disease (PD) is a viral disease caused by Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) that affects farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) in the seawater phase. Since its first description in Scotland in 1976, a large number of studies have been conducted relating to the disease itself and to factors contributing to agent spread and disease occurrence. This paper summarizes the currently available, scientific information on the epidemiology of PD and its associated mitigation and control measures. Available literature shows infected farmed salmonids to be the main reservoir of SAV. Transmission between seawater sites occurs mainly passively by water currents or actively through human activity coupled with inadequate biosecurity measures. All available information suggests that the current fallowing procedures are adequate to prevent agent survival within the environment through the fallowing period and thus that a repeated disease outbreak at the same site is due to a new agent introduction. There has been no scientific evaluation of currently used on-site biosecurity measures, and there is limited information on the impact of available mitigation measures and control strategies.
胰腺疾病（PD）是一种由鲑鱼α病毒（SAV）引起的病毒性疾病，会影响海水养殖阶段的养殖大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)）。自1976年在苏格兰首次被描述以来，已经开展了大量关于该疾病本身以及导致病原体传播和疾病发生的因素的研究。本文总结了目前关于胰腺疾病流行病学及其相关缓解和控制措施的科学信息。现有文献表明，受感染的养殖鲑科鱼类是SAV的主要宿主。海水养殖场之间的传播主要通过水流被动发生，或通过人类活动以及生物安全措施不足而主动发生。所有现有信息表明，目前的休耕程序足以在休耕期内防止病原体在环境中存活，因此同一地点反复出现疾病暴发是由于新的病原体引入。目前尚未对现场使用的生物安全措施进行科学评估，关于现有缓解措施和控制策略的影响的信息也有限。
