Sansone Andrea, Romanelli Francesco, Sansone Massimiliano, Lenzi Andrea, Di Luigi Luigi
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Largo Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
Endocrine. 2017 Jan;55(1):37-44. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-0975-9. Epub 2016 May 4.
Gynecomastia-the enlargement of male breast tissue in men-is a common finding, frequently observed in newborns, adolescents, and old men. Physiological gynecomastia, occurring in almost 25 % of cases, is benign and self-limited; on the other hand, several conditions and drugs may induce proliferation of male breast tissue. True gynecomastia is a common feature often related to estrogen excess and/or androgen deficiency as a consequence of different endocrine disorders. Biochemical evaluation should be performed once physiological or iatrogenic gynecomastia has been ruled out. Non-endocrine illnesses, including liver failure and chronic kidney disease, are another cause of gynecomastia which should be considered. Treating the underlying disease or discontinuing medications might resolve gynecomastia, although the psychosocial burden of this condition might require different and careful consideration.
男性乳房肥大症——男性乳腺组织增大——是一种常见现象，在新生儿、青少年和老年男性中经常观察到。生理性男性乳房肥大症几乎在25%的病例中出现，是良性且自限性的；另一方面，一些病症和药物可能会导致男性乳腺组织增生。真正的男性乳房肥大症是一个常见特征，通常与不同内分泌紊乱导致的雌激素过多和/或雄激素缺乏有关。一旦排除生理性或医源性男性乳房肥大症，就应进行生化评估。非内分泌疾病，包括肝功能衰竭和慢性肾病，是应考虑的男性乳房肥大症的另一个病因。治疗潜在疾病或停用药物可能会使男性乳房肥大症得到缓解，尽管这种病症的心理社会负担可能需要不同且谨慎的考虑。
