Increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma lung in India: Following the global trend?

BACKGROUND

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms worldwide and accounts for more deaths than any other cancer. The clinicopathological profile of lung cancer has shown marked regional and geographical variation.

AIMS

We aimed to compare the demographic and pathological profile of lung cancer patients from North India with other Indian and International series.

SETTING AND DESIGN

A retrospective study over a period of 5 years from January 2008 to May 2013 was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 397 newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer from January 2008 to May 2013 were included in the study. The clinical, demographic, and pathological features were reviewed and compared with other major National and International reports. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS Inc. Released 2009. PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

RESULTS

A total of 397 patients (86% men, mean age 57.8 years) were studied. The ratio of men to women was 7.4. Majority of patients (78.3%) were current/previous smokers. Small cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 14.6% (58) of patients while 85.4% (339) had nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Within NSCLC, the most common histology types were squamous cell carcinoma (30%), followed closely by adenocarcinoma (ADC) (28.3%) and large cell carcinoma (1.7%). Majority (87%) of the patient were staged III and IV. About 30.1% patients received anti-tubercular treatment during the current episode before a diagnosis of lung cancer was made.

CONCLUSION

The clinicopathological profile of lung cancer has undergone noticeable changes over the last four decades, especially in the increase in ADC incidence and their frequent presence in smokers. Lung cancer is often mistreated as tuberculosis in the Indian subcontinent and hence continues to be diagnosed late.