Huynh Hong T T, Nkamga Vanessa D, Signoli Michel, Tzortzis Stéfan, Pinguet Romuald, Audoly Gilles, Aboudharam Gérard, Drancourt Michel
Aix Marseille Université, Faculté d'Odontologie, Marseille 13005, France.
Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille 13005, France.
Sci Rep. 2016 May 11;6:25775. doi: 10.1038/srep25775.
Methanogens are acknowledged archaeal members of modern dental calculus microbiota and dental pathogen complexes. Their repertoire in ancient dental calculus is poorly known. We therefore investigated archaea in one hundred dental calculus specimens collected from individuals recovered from six archaeological sites in France dated from the 14(th) to 19(th) centuries AD. Dental calculus was demonstrated by macroscopic and cone-beam observations. In 56 calculus specimens free of PCR inhibition, PCR sequencing identified Candidatus Methanobrevibacter sp. N13 in 44.6%, Methanobrevibacter oralis in 19.6%, a new Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis-like methanogen in 12.5%, a Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis-like in one and Methanoculleus bourgensis in one specimen, respectively. One Candidatus Methanobrevibacter sp. N13 dental calculus was further documented by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The prevalence of dental calculus M. oralis was significantly lower in past populations than in modern populations (P = 0.03, Chi-square test). This investigation revealed a previously unknown repertoire of archaea found in the oral cavity of past French populations as reflected in preserved dental calculus.
产甲烷菌是现代牙菌斑微生物群和牙病原体复合体中公认的古菌成员。它们在古代牙菌斑中的种类鲜为人知。因此，我们调查了从法国6个考古遗址出土的、年代为公元14世纪至19世纪的100份牙菌斑样本中的古菌。通过宏观观察和锥形束观察证实了牙菌斑的存在。在56份无PCR抑制作用的牙菌斑样本中，PCR测序鉴定出类短柄产甲烷杆菌属N13占44.6%，口腔产甲烷短杆菌占19.6%，一种新的类鲁米尼产甲烷球形菌属产甲烷菌占12.5%，一份样本中发现类埃弗格莱德亚硝化球菌属，一份样本中发现布尔根产甲烷菌属。通过荧光原位杂交进一步证实了一份牙菌斑样本中的类短柄产甲烷杆菌属N13。过去人群中牙菌斑口腔产甲烷短杆菌的患病率显著低于现代人群（P = 0.03，卡方检验）。这项研究揭示了过去法国人群口腔中存在的、保存在牙菌斑中的古菌种类，这些种类此前并不为人所知。
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