Warinner Christina, Speller Camilla, Collins Matthew J
Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jan 19;370(1660):20130376. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0376.
The field of palaeomicrobiology is dramatically expanding thanks to recent advances in high-throughput biomolecular sequencing, which allows unprecedented access to the evolutionary history and ecology of human-associated and environmental microbes. Recently, human dental calculus has been shown to be an abundant, nearly ubiquitous, and long-term reservoir of the ancient oral microbiome, preserving not only microbial and host biomolecules but also dietary and environmental debris. Modern investigations of native human microbiota have demonstrated that the human microbiome plays a central role in health and chronic disease, raising questions about changes in microbial ecology, diversity and function through time. This paper explores the current state of ancient oral microbiome research and discusses successful applications, methodological challenges and future possibilities in elucidating the intimate evolutionary relationship between humans and their microbes.
由于高通量生物分子测序技术的最新进展，古微生物学领域正在急剧扩展，这使得人们能够以前所未有的方式了解与人类相关的微生物以及环境微生物的进化历史和生态。最近的研究表明，人类牙结石是古代口腔微生物群丰富、几乎无处不在且长期的储存库，不仅保存了微生物和宿主生物分子，还保存了饮食和环境碎片。对现代人类原生微生物群的研究表明，人类微生物群在健康和慢性疾病中起着核心作用，这引发了关于微生物生态、多样性和功能随时间变化的问题。本文探讨了古代口腔微生物群研究的现状，并讨论了在阐明人类与其微生物之间密切的进化关系方面的成功应用、方法挑战和未来可能性。
