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使用运营街道污染模型(OSPM)对印度孟买Chembur地区的车辆污染进行建模。

Vehicular pollution modeling using the operational street pollution model (OSPM) for Chembur, Mumbai (India).

作者信息

Kumar Awkash, Ketzel Matthias, Patil Rashmi S, Dikshit Anil Kumar, Hertel Ole

机构信息

Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.

Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.

出版信息

Environ Monit Assess. 2016 Jun;188(6):349. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5337-9. Epub 2016 May 13.

Abstract

Megacities in India such as Mumbai and Delhi are among the most polluted places in the world. In the present study, the widely used operational street pollution model (OSPM) is applied for assessing pollutant loads in the street canyons of Chembur, a suburban area just outside Mumbai city. Chembur is both industrialized and highly congested with vehicles. There are six major street canyons in this area, for which modeling has been carried out for NOx and particulate matter (PM). The vehicle emission factors for Indian cities have been developed by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) for PM, not specifically for PM10 or PM2.5. The model has been applied for 4 days of winter season and for the whole year to see the difference of effect of meteorology. The urban background concentrations have been obtained from an air quality monitoring station. Results have been compared with measured concentrations from the routine monitoring performed in Mumbai. NOx emissions originate mainly from vehicles which are ground-level sources and are emitting close to where people live. Therefore, those emissions are highly relevant. The modeled NOx concentration compared satisfactorily with observed data. However, this was not the case for PM, most likely because the emission inventory did not contain emission terms due to resuspended particulate matter.

摘要

印度的特大城市,如孟买和德里,是世界上污染最严重的地方之一。在本研究中,广泛使用的运行街道污染模型(OSPM)被用于评估孟买市外郊区Chembur街道峡谷中的污染物负荷。Chembur既工业化程度高,又车辆高度拥堵。该地区有六个主要街道峡谷,已针对氮氧化物和颗粒物(PM)进行了建模。印度汽车研究协会(ARAI)已针对印度城市的车辆排放因子制定了针对PM的排放因子,而非专门针对PM10或PM2.5。该模型已应用于冬季的4天以及全年,以观察气象影响的差异。城市背景浓度是从一个空气质量监测站获得的。结果已与孟买进行的常规监测所测得的浓度进行了比较。氮氧化物排放主要来自车辆,这些车辆是地面源,且在靠近人们居住的地方排放。因此,这些排放高度相关。模拟的氮氧化物浓度与观测数据比较令人满意。然而,PM的情况并非如此,很可能是因为排放清单中没有包含由于再悬浮颗粒物导致的排放项。

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