Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019 May;76(4):572-590. doi: 10.1007/s00244-019-00616-x. Epub 2019 Mar 16.
Traffic emission is a major source of air pollution in urban cities of developing world. This paper shows dependence of traffic-related air pollutants in urban cities on morning/evening peak hours and winter/summer seasons. This research also shows the meteorological impact, such as temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), on traffic-related air pollutants in urban cites. Based on the research output, the elevated level of PM concentration was observed between 1.8 and 6.7 times at all nearby roadway locations compared with background (IIT [ISM] campus). We have found 2.3, 2.4, 2.6 (morning) and 2.0, 2.1, and 2.1 (evening) times higher average PM, PM, and PM concentrations, respectively, in the winter than summer monitoring periods across all locations, due to the stable boundary layer, lower mixing height, and lower friction velocity. It is indicated that urban meteorology plays a crucial role in increasing or decreasing exposed pollutant concentrations in various microenvironments. The analysis of PM/PM ratios was lower during whole campaign due to higher contribution of coarser particles generated by vehicles. During winter and summer seasons, 0.57 and 0.33 was observed, respectively. It is indicated that 57% and 33% of PM makes up PM particle, respectively. PM concentrations have showed a negative linear relationship with T and WS and positive relationship with RH in winter/summer seasons. Therefore, traffic and meteorology play a big role to increase or decrease in traffic-related air pollutants in urban air quality.
交通排放是发展中国家城市空气污染的主要来源。本文研究了城市交通相关空气污染物与早晚高峰时段和冬夏季节的关系。研究还表明，气象因素，如温度（T）、相对湿度（RH）和风速（WS），对城市交通相关空气污染物有影响。根据研究结果，与背景（IIT[ISM]校园）相比，所有附近道路位置的 PM 浓度升高了 1.8 至 6.7 倍。我们发现，在所有位置，冬季的 PM、PM 和 PM 平均浓度分别比夏季监测期高 2.3、2.4 和 2.6 倍（早晨）和 2.0、2.1 和 2.1 倍（傍晚），这是由于稳定的边界层、较低的混合高度和较低的摩擦速度。这表明城市气象在增加或减少各种微环境中暴露污染物浓度方面起着至关重要的作用。由于车辆产生的较大颗粒的贡献，整个监测期间的 PM/PM 比值都较低。在冬季和夏季，观察到的比值分别为 0.57 和 0.33。这表明，PM 颗粒分别由 57%和 33%的 PM 组成。在冬夏季节，PM 浓度与 T 和 WS 呈负线性关系，与 RH 呈正相关。因此，交通和气象在城市空气质量中交通相关空气污染物的增加或减少中起着重要作用。
