Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2016 Oct;91:258-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.043. Epub 2016 May 12.
Amoebiasis/amebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by an enteric dwelling protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica. The disease is endemic in the developing world and is transmitted mainly via the faecal-oral route (e.g., in water or food) and may or may not be symptomatic. This disease of socio-economic importance worldwide involves parasite adherence and cytolysis of human cells followed by invasion that is mediated by galactose-binding (Gal/GalNAc) surface lectin. Disruption of the mucus layer leads to invasive intestinal and extraintestinal infection. Gal-lectin based vaccinations have conferred protection in various animal models against E. histolytica infections. Keeping in view the pivotal role of Gal/GalNAc lectin in amoebiasis vaccine development, its regulation, genomic view of the parasite involving gene conversion in lectin gene families, current knowledge about involvement of Gal/GalNAc lectin in adherence, pathogenicity, signalling, encystment, generating host immune response, and in turn protozoa escape strategies, and finally its role as effective vaccine candidate has been described. This review will help researchers to explore pathogenesis mechanism along with genomic studies and will also provide a framework for future amoebiasis vaccine development studies.
溶组织内阿米巴病是一种由肠道居住的原生动物溶组织内阿米巴引起的胃肠道感染。这种疾病在发展中国家流行，主要通过粪-口途径（例如在水或食物中）传播，可能有症状，也可能无症状。这种具有社会经济重要性的全球性疾病涉及寄生虫黏附和人细胞的溶解，随后通过半乳糖结合（Gal/GalNAc）表面凝集素介导的侵袭。黏液层的破坏导致侵袭性肠道和肠道外感染。基于半乳糖凝集素的疫苗已在各种动物模型中对溶组织内阿米巴感染提供了保护。鉴于 Gal/GalNAc 凝集素在阿米巴病疫苗开发中的关键作用，其调控、寄生虫基因转换涉及凝集素基因家族的基因组视图、Gal/GalNAc 凝集素在黏附、致病性、信号转导、囊包形成、产生宿主免疫反应以及反过来原生动物逃避策略中的作用，以及最后其作为有效疫苗候选物的作用，都已被描述。这篇综述将帮助研究人员探索发病机制，以及基因组研究，并为未来的阿米巴病疫苗开发研究提供框架。
