Lammoglia Sabine-Karen, Moeys Julien, Barriuso Enrique, Larsbo Mats, Marín-Benito Jesús-María, Justes Eric, Alletto Lionel, Ubertosi Marjorie, Nicolardot Bernard, Munier-Jolain Nicolas, Mamy Laure
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Mar;24(8):6895-6909. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6842-7. Epub 2016 May 18.
The current challenge in sustainable agriculture is to introduce new cropping systems to reduce pesticides use in order to reduce ground and surface water contamination. However, it is difficult to carry out in situ experiments to assess the environmental impacts of pesticide use for all possible combinations of climate, crop, and soils; therefore, in silico tools are necessary. The objective of this work was to assess pesticides leaching in cropping systems coupling the performances of a crop model (STICS) and of a pesticide fate model (MACRO). STICS-MACRO has the advantage of being able to simulate pesticides fate in complex cropping systems and to consider some agricultural practices such as fertilization, mulch, or crop residues management, which cannot be accounted for with MACRO. The performance of STICS-MACRO was tested, without calibration, from measurements done in two French experimental sites with contrasted soil and climate properties. The prediction of water percolation and pesticides concentrations with STICS-MACRO was satisfactory, but it varied with the pedoclimatic context. The performance of STICS-MACRO was shown to be similar or better than that of MACRO. The improvement of the simulation of crop growth allowed better estimate of crop transpiration therefore of water balance. It also allowed better estimate of pesticide interception by the crop which was found to be crucial for the prediction of pesticides concentrations in water. STICS-MACRO is a new promising tool to improve the assessment of the environmental risks of pesticides used in cropping systems.
可持续农业当前面临的挑战是引入新的种植系统以减少农药使用，从而降低地下水和地表水的污染。然而，要针对气候、作物和土壤的所有可能组合开展实地实验来评估农药使用对环境的影响是困难的；因此，计算机模拟工具是必要的。这项工作的目的是结合作物模型（STICS）和农药归宿模型（MACRO）的性能，评估种植系统中农药的淋溶情况。STICS - MACRO的优势在于能够模拟复杂种植系统中农药的归宿，并考虑一些农业实践，如施肥、覆盖或作物残茬管理，而MACRO无法顾及这些。在法国两个土壤和气候特性不同的实验地点进行测量后，在未进行校准的情况下对STICS - MACRO的性能进行了测试。用STICS - MACRO对水分渗透和农药浓度的预测结果令人满意，但会因土壤气候背景而异。结果表明，STICS - MACRO的性能与MACRO相当或更优。作物生长模拟的改进使得对作物蒸腾作用进而对水平衡的估算更加准确。它还能更好地估算作物对农药的截留情况，而这对于预测水中农药浓度至关重要。STICS - MACRO是一种新的、有前景的工具，可用于改进对种植系统中使用农药的环境风险评估。
