Zhao Ling, Lin Li-Liang, Zheng Zhe-Min
College of Life Science, Mianyang Normal University, 166 West Mianxing Road, Mianyang 621000, China.
Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710062, China.
Zookeys. 2016 Apr 21(582):111-20. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.582.6301. eCollection 2016.
Many pygmy grasshopper species exhibit colour-marking polymorphism. However, this polymorphism in some species, such as Tetrix bolivari, is almost unknown. The aim of this work is to identify using DNA barcoding the colour-marking polymorphic morphs of this pygmy grasshopper species collected from both grass and sand microhabitats. Analysis by NJ clustering and pairwise distances indicated that all specimens collected showing colour-marking polymorphism are species of Tetrix bolivari. Haplotype network construction showed ten different haplotypes from a total of 57 Tetrix bolivari individuals with H1(82.5%) being the most common type and it also displayed low divergence within Tetrix bolivari population. The haplotype analyses were consistent with the NJ clustering. Our field census showed the frequency of Tetrix bolivari morphs differed significantly, with the rank order of morphs (from high to low) typeA1, type B1, type A2, type A3, type A4, type A5, type A6, type A7, type B2, type B3, and type B4. The most common type A morphs were without contrasting markings, while the rarer type B morphs have contrasting white markings. We suggest that type B morphs have greater camouflage effects against natural backgrounds such as grass or sand than type A morphs. Both our field census and haplotype analysis revealed that type A has higher frequency and more haplotypes than type B.
许多侏蝗物种表现出颜色斑纹多态性。然而，在一些物种中，如博氏短鼻蝗（Tetrix bolivari），这种多态性几乎不为人知。这项工作的目的是利用DNA条形码鉴定从草地和沙地微生境中采集的这种侏蝗物种的颜色斑纹多态形态。通过邻接法聚类分析和成对距离分析表明，所有采集到的表现出颜色斑纹多态性的标本均为博氏短鼻蝗物种。单倍型网络构建显示，在总共57只博氏短鼻蝗个体中存在10种不同的单倍型，其中H1（82.5%）是最常见的类型，并且在博氏短鼻蝗种群内也显示出低分化。单倍型分析与邻接法聚类结果一致。我们的野外普查表明，博氏短鼻蝗形态的频率差异显著，形态的排名顺序（从高到低）为A1型、B1型、A2型、A3型、A4型、A5型、A6型、A7型、B2型、B3型和B4型。最常见的A形态没有对比鲜明的斑纹，而较罕见的B形态有对比鲜明的白色斑纹。我们认为，与A形态相比，B形态在诸如草地或沙地等自然背景下具有更强的伪装效果。我们的野外普查和单倍型分析均表明，A形态的频率更高，单倍型也比B形态更多。
