Ferradás María del Mar, Freire Carlos, Valle Antonio, Núñez José Carlos
Universidade da Coruña(Spain).
Universidad de Oviedo(Spain).
Span J Psychol. 2016 May 23;19:E24. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2016.25.
In highly competitive settings like university, the fear of failure leads some students to protect their self-worth using self-handicapping strategies. The present investigation examines to what extent academic goals are related to those tactics in university students. Specifically, MANCOVA was applied to estimate statistical differences linked to behavioral and claimed self-handicapping strategies according to the level (high/medium/low) of four types of academic goal (achievement approach, achievement avoidance, mastery approach, and work avoidance). Degree, year in school, and gender were entered as covariates. 940 students (86.5% women) from University of A Coruña (M = 20.44; SD = 1.73) participated. Results show that: (a) both behavioral and claimed self-handicapping are promoted by ego-oriented goals (achievement avoidance, F(2, 937) = 23.56, p < .001, η p 2 = .048; achievement approach, F(2, 937) = 7.49, p < .001, η p 2 = .016); (b) work avoidance goals are related to behavioral self-handicapping (F(2, 937) = 9.09, p < .001, η p 2 = .019), but are not statistically linked to claimed self-handicapping; and (c) mastery approach goals are significantly, negatively related to both types of self-handicapping (F(2, 937) = 20.09, p < .001, η p 2 = .041). Psychological and educational implications of the findings are discussed.
在像大学这样竞争激烈的环境中，对失败的恐惧导致一些学生使用自我妨碍策略来保护他们的自我价值。本研究考察了学业目标在多大程度上与大学生的这些策略相关。具体而言，多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）被用于根据四种学业目标（成绩趋近、成绩回避、掌握趋近和作业回避）的水平（高/中/低）来估计与行为性和宣称性自我妨碍策略相关的统计差异。学位、在校年级和性别作为协变量纳入分析。来自拉科鲁尼亚大学的940名学生（86.5%为女性）参与了研究（M = 20.44；SD = 1.73）。结果表明：（a）以自我为导向的目标（成绩回避，F(2, 937) = 23.56，p <.001，ηp2 =.048；成绩趋近，F(2, 937) = 7.49，p <.001，ηp2 =.016）会促进行为性和宣称性自我妨碍；（b）作业回避目标与行为性自我妨碍相关（F(2, 937) = 9.09，p <.001，ηp2 =.019），但与宣称性自我妨碍在统计上没有关联；（c）掌握趋近目标与两种类型的自我妨碍均显著负相关（F(2, 937) = 20.09，p <.001，ηp2 =.041）。研究结果的心理学和教育学意义也进行了讨论。
