Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862, F-33075 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862, F-33075 Bordeaux, France.
Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862, F-33075 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862, F-33075 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
Food Chem. 2016 Nov 1;210:286-94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.126. Epub 2016 Apr 27.
Estrogenic isoflavones were found, in the 1940s, to disrupt ewe reproduction and were identified in soy-consumers' urine in 1982. This led to controversy about their safety, often supported by current Asian diet measurements, but not by historical data. Traditional Asian recipes of soy were tested while assaying soy glycosilated isoflavones. As these compounds are water-soluble, their concentration is reduced by soaking. Pre-cooking or simmering time-dependently reduces the isoflavone:protein ratio in Tofu. Cooking soy-juice for 15 or 60min decreases the isoflavone:protein ratios in Tofu from 6.90 to 3.57 and 1.80, respectively (p<0.001). Traditional Tempeh contains only 18.07% of the original soybean isoflavones (p<0.001). Soy-juice isoflavones were reduced by ultra-filtration (6.54 vs 1.24 isoflavone:protein; p<0.001). Soy-protein and isoflavones are dissociated by water rinsing and prolonged cooking, but these have no equivalent in modern processes. As regards human health, a precise definition of the safety level of isoflavone intake requires additional studies.
20 世纪 40 年代，人们发现雌激素异黄酮会干扰母羊的生殖，1982 年在食用大豆的人群尿液中也发现了这种物质。这引发了关于其安全性的争议，这种争议通常得到了当前亚洲饮食测量数据的支持，但却与历史数据不符。人们对传统的亚洲大豆食谱进行了测试，同时检测了大豆糖基化异黄酮。由于这些化合物是水溶性的，所以浸泡会降低它们的浓度。在烹饪豆腐时，无论是预煮还是炖煮，都会随着时间的推移降低异黄酮与蛋白质的比例。将豆浆煮 15 分钟或 60 分钟，分别使豆腐中的异黄酮与蛋白质比例从 6.90 降低到 3.57 和 1.80（p<0.001）。传统的天培中只含有 18.07%的原始大豆异黄酮（p<0.001）。超滤可使豆浆中的异黄酮降低（异黄酮与蛋白质比例从 6.54 降低到 1.24；p<0.001）。通过水洗和长时间烹饪可以使大豆蛋白和异黄酮分离，但这些在现代工艺中并不存在。就人类健康而言，需要进一步研究才能精确确定异黄酮摄入量的安全水平。
