Schiffino Felipe L, Holland Peter C
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Eur J Neurosci. 2016 Jul;44(2):1870-7. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13286. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
Considerable evidence indicates that reinforcement prediction error, the difference between the obtained and expected reinforcer values, modulates attention to potential cues for reinforcement. The surprising delivery or omission of a reinforcer enhances the associability of the stimuli that were present when the error was induced, so that they more readily enter into new associations in the future. Previous research from our laboratory identified brain circuit elements critical to the enhancement of stimulus associability by omission of an expected event and to the subsequent expression of that altered associability in more rapid learning. A key finding was that the rat posterior parietal cortex was essential during the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of associability memories that were altered by the surprising omission of an expected event in a serial prediction task. Here, we found that the function of adjacent secondary visual cortex was critical only to the expression of altered cue associability in that same task. This specialization of function is discussed in the context of broader cortical and subcortical networks for modulation of attention in associative learning, as well as recent anatomical investigations that suggest that the rodent posterior parietal cortex overlaps with and may subsume secondary visual cortex.
大量证据表明，强化预测误差，即获得的强化物价值与预期强化物价值之间的差异，会调节对潜在强化线索的注意力。强化物的意外呈现或缺失会增强在误差产生时出现的刺激的关联性，从而使它们在未来更容易形成新的关联。我们实验室之前的研究确定了大脑回路元素，这些元素对于通过预期事件的缺失来增强刺激关联性以及随后在更快学习中表达这种改变的关联性至关重要。一个关键发现是，在序列预测任务中，大鼠后顶叶皮层在因预期事件的意外缺失而改变的关联性记忆的编码、巩固和检索过程中至关重要。在这里，我们发现相邻的二级视觉皮层的功能仅对同一任务中改变的线索关联性的表达至关重要。这种功能特化是在更广泛的皮层和皮层下网络用于调节联想学习中的注意力的背景下进行讨论的，以及最近的解剖学研究表明啮齿动物后顶叶皮层与二级视觉皮层重叠并且可能包含二级视觉皮层。
