美国女子七人制橄榄球运动员损伤特征。
Injury Profile of American Women's Rugby-7s.
机构信息
1Missouri Orthopaedic Institute and Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 2Rugby Research and Injury Prevention Group, New York, NY; 3USA Rugby Empire Geographic Union RFU, New York, NY; 4Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Rugby Codes Research Group, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND; 5Northeast Rugby Academy, USOC-Community Olympic Development Program, New York, NY; 6Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY; 7Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; 8Department of Medical Physiatry, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA; 9Professional Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, New York, NY; 10Global Institute of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY; 11Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY; 12New York Knickerbockers, National Basketball Association, New York, NY; and 13USA Basketball, Colorado Springs, CO.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Oct;48(10):1957-66. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000997.
PURPOSE
The objective of this study is to determine incidence (injuries/1000 playing hours (ph)), severity (days of absence), and cause of match injuries in US women's Rugby-7s.
METHODS
We performed a prospective epidemiological study (2010-2013) of injury of 3876 under-19 to elite/national female Rugby-7s players (nonelite = 3324, elite = 552) on 323 teams (nonelite = 277, elite = 46), applying methodology and injury definitions compliant with the international consensus statement on rugby research. Injuries occurred in USA Rugby-sanctioned tournament series: USA Rugby Local Area (2010), Territorial Union (2011-2013), National and All-Star Sevens Series, and USA Sevens Invitational (2011-2012) and Collegiate Rugby Championships (2012).
RESULTS
One hundred and twenty time-loss injuries were encountered (elite, n = 15; 13%) with an injury rate of 46.3 injuries/1000 ph. Injury rates in nonelite were 49.3/1000 ph, and in national level (elite) candidates, 32.6/1000 ph (RR = 1.5, P = 0.130). Mean days missed found elite level players at 74.9 d per injury, whereas nonelite at 41.8 d (P = 0.090). Acute injuries were significant (95%, RR = 1.9, P < 0.001), resulting in immediate removal from the pitch (56%, P < 0.001). The main mechanism of injury occurred when tackling players (73%, P < 0.001). The most common type of injury seen were ligament sprains (37%, 13.9/1000 ph), involving the lower extremity (45%, 20.5/1000 ph). The most common body parts injured were the knee and head/face (16%, 7.3/1000 ph).
CONCLUSIONS
Time-loss injuries occurred with frequency in the US women's Rugby-7s tournaments. Overall injury rates in US women are lower than those in international elite men and women's Rugby-7s. The head and neck area in our female players was injured at greater rates (16%) than in international male Rugby-7s (5%). Injury prevention in US women's Rugby-7s must focus on injuries of the knee, head, and neck. Understanding risk factors will allow safe return-to-play decisions and formulate injury prevention protocols.
目的
本研究旨在确定美国女子 7 人制橄榄球比赛中受伤的发生率（损伤/1000 比赛小时（ph））、严重程度（缺勤天数）和原因。
方法
我们对 3876 名 19 岁以下的女子橄榄球-7 人制球员（非精英组=3324 名，精英组=552 名）进行了一项前瞻性的流行病学研究（2010-2013 年），该研究采用了符合国际橄榄球研究共识声明的方法和损伤定义。损伤发生在美国橄榄球联盟认可的锦标赛系列赛中：美国橄榄球地区赛（2010 年）、联盟赛（2011-2013 年）、国家和全明星七人制系列赛以及美国七人制邀请赛（2011-2012 年）和大学橄榄球锦标赛（2012 年）。
结果
共发生 120 例失能性损伤（精英组，n=15；13%），损伤发生率为 46.3 例/1000ph。非精英组的损伤发生率为 49.3/1000ph，国家水平（精英）候选人的损伤发生率为 32.6/1000ph（RR=1.5，P=0.130）。精英组的平均缺阵天数为 74.9d/次损伤，而非精英组为 41.8d（P=0.090）。急性损伤明显（95%，RR=1.9，P<0.001），导致立即离场（56%，P<0.001）。主要的损伤机制是与球员接触（73%，P<0.001）。最常见的损伤类型是韧带扭伤（37%，13.9/1000ph），涉及下肢（45%，20.5/1000ph）。最常见的受伤部位是膝盖和头/脸（16%，7.3/1000ph）。
结论
美国女子 7 人制橄榄球比赛中经常发生失能性损伤。美国女性的总体损伤率低于国际精英男子和女子 7 人制橄榄球。我们女性球员的头颈部受伤率（16%）高于国际男子 7 人制橄榄球（5%）。美国女子 7 人制橄榄球的损伤预防必须集中在膝盖、头部和颈部的损伤上。了解危险因素将有助于做出安全的重返赛场决定和制定损伤预防方案。
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