Tokizawa Yuki, Tsujimoto Tomomi, Inoue Tomoko
1 Department of Nursing, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Biol Res Nurs. 2017 Mar;19(2):206-212. doi: 10.1177/1099800416651145. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Application of a thermal stimulus is a common procedure used to promote venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC); however, the effects of thermal stimulation on the duration of venodilation and skin temperature of the forearm are unclear.
To investigate the duration of venodilation induced by a thermal stimulus on the forearm.
Healthy female adults ( N = 40) from Japan participated in this study from November to December 2013. A heat pack was warmed to 40°C ± 2°C and placed over the forearm for 15 min. Vein diameter was measured via ultrasound and skin temperature via temperature sensor at six time points: before application of the thermal stimulus and at 1-min intervals for 5 min upon removal of the thermal stimulus. The main outcomes were vein diameter, proportional change in vein diameter, and skin temperature. We calculated proportional change in vein diameter after application of the thermal stimulus using vein diameter before the thermal stimulus to represent 100%.
Compared with vein diameter before thermal stimulus, the diameter at each time point after thermal stimulus was significantly increased ( p < .05) as were proportional change in vein diameter ( p < .05) and skin temperature.
A thermal stimulus of 40°C ± 2°C on the forearm dilated veins significantly for PIVC, and the effect persisted for at least 5 min.
应用热刺激是促进外周静脉穿刺（PIVC）时静脉扩张的常用方法；然而，热刺激对静脉扩张持续时间和前臂皮肤温度的影响尚不清楚。
研究热刺激引起的前臂静脉扩张持续时间。
来自日本的40名健康成年女性于2013年11月至12月参与本研究。将热敷袋加热至40°C±2°C，置于前臂15分钟。在六个时间点通过超声测量静脉直径，通过温度传感器测量皮肤温度：热刺激应用前以及热刺激移除后每隔1分钟测量5分钟。主要观察指标为静脉直径、静脉直径的比例变化和皮肤温度。我们使用热刺激前的静脉直径代表100%来计算热刺激应用后静脉直径的比例变化。
与热刺激前的静脉直径相比，热刺激后各时间点的直径均显著增加（p<.05），静脉直径的比例变化（p<.05）和皮肤温度也显著增加。
在前臂施加40°C±2°C的热刺激可显著扩张静脉以进行PIVC，且该效果至少持续5分钟。
