Ramos-Leví Ana Maria, Marazuela Mónica
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Endocrinol Nutr. 2016 Oct;63(8):421-9. doi: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 May 24.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are two very common organ-specific autoimmune diseases which are characterized by circulating antibodies and lymphocyte infiltration. Although humoral and cellular mechanisms have been classically considered separately in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), recent research suggests a close reciprocal relationship between these two immune pathways. Several B- and T-cell activation pathways through antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cytokine production lead to specific differentiation of T helper (Th) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. Specifically, it will provide reasons for discarding the traditional simplistic dichotomous view of the T helper type 1 and 2 pathways (Th1/Th2) and will focus on the role of the recently characterized T cells, Treg and Th17 lymphocytes, as well as B lymphocytes and APCs, especially dendritic cells (DCs).
桥本甲状腺炎（HT）和格雷夫斯病（GD）是两种非常常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病，其特征为循环抗体和淋巴细胞浸润。尽管在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）的发病机制中，体液和细胞机制传统上被分别考虑，但最近的研究表明这两种免疫途径之间存在密切的相互关系。通过抗原呈递细胞（APC）和细胞因子产生的几种B细胞和T细胞激活途径导致辅助性T（Th）细胞和调节性T（Treg）细胞的特异性分化。本综述将聚焦于AITD发病机制中涉及的细胞机制。具体而言，它将阐述摒弃传统的关于1型和2型辅助性T细胞途径（Th1/Th2）简单二分法观点的原因，并将聚焦于最近鉴定出的T细胞、Treg和Th17淋巴细胞以及B淋巴细胞和APC（尤其是树突状细胞（DC））的作用。
