Weiler Marina, Northoff Georg, Damasceno Benito Pereira, Balthazar Marcio Luiz Figueredo
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil.
Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Sep;68:245-255. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.028. Epub 2016 May 24.
Different aspects of the self have been reported to be affected in many neurological or psychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), including mainly higher-level cognitive self-unawareness. This higher sense of self-awareness is most likely related to and dependent on episodic memory, due to the proper integration of ourselves in time, with a permanent conservation of ourselves (i.e., sense of continuity across time). Reviewing studies in this field, our objective is thus to raise possible explanations, especially with the help of neuroimaging studies, for where such self-awareness deficits originate in AD patients. We describe not only episodic (and autobiographical memory) impairment in patients, but also the important role of cortical midline structures, the Default Mode Network, and the resting state (intrinsic brain activity) for the processing of self-related information.
据报道，在许多神经或精神疾病中，如阿尔茨海默病（AD），自我的不同方面会受到影响，主要包括高级认知自我意识缺失。这种更高层次的自我意识很可能与情景记忆相关并依赖于情景记忆，因为我们能在时间中恰当地整合自身，并永久保持自我（即跨时间的连续感）。回顾该领域的研究，我们的目的是提出可能的解释，特别是借助神经影像学研究，来探讨AD患者的这种自我意识缺陷源自何处。我们不仅描述了患者的情景（和自传体记忆）损伤，还阐述了皮质中线结构、默认模式网络以及静息状态（大脑内在活动）在处理自我相关信息方面的重要作用。
