Gilleard J S, Redman E
University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Adv Parasitol. 2016;93:31-68. doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.009. Epub 2016 May 10.
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most successful and problematic livestock parasites worldwide. From its apparent evolutionary origins in sub-Saharan Africa, it is now found in small ruminants in almost all regions of the globe, and can infect a range of different domestic and wildlife artiodactyl hosts. It has a remarkably high propensity to develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs, making control increasingly difficult. The success of this parasite is, at least in part, due to its extremely high levels of genetic diversity that, in turn, provide a high adaptive capacity. Understanding this genetic diversity is important for many areas of research including anthelmintic resistance, epidemiology, control, drug/vaccine development and molecular diagnostics. In this article, we review the current knowledge of H. contortus genetic diversity and population structure for both field isolates and laboratory strains. We highlight the practical relevance of this knowledge with a particular emphasis on anthelmintic resistance research.
捻转血矛线虫是全球最具危害性且难以防治的家畜寄生虫之一。它起源于撒哈拉以南非洲地区，如今几乎在全球所有地区的小型反刍动物身上都能发现，并且能够感染多种不同的家养和野生偶蹄目宿主。它对驱虫药产生抗性的倾向极高，使得防治工作愈发困难。这种寄生虫之所以如此成功，至少部分原因在于其极高的遗传多样性水平，而这种多样性又赋予了它很强的适应能力。了解这种遗传多样性对于包括抗驱虫药抗性、流行病学、防治、药物/疫苗研发以及分子诊断等诸多研究领域都至关重要。在本文中，我们综述了关于捻转血矛线虫野外分离株和实验室菌株的遗传多样性及种群结构的现有知识。我们着重强调了这些知识的实际意义，尤其侧重于抗驱虫药抗性研究。
